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How ambient environment influences olfactory orientation in search and rescue dogs.
Chemical Senses ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 , DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa060
Judy Jinn 1 , Erin G Connor 2 , Lucia F Jacobs 1
Affiliation  

Under natural conditions, an animal orienting to an air-borne odor plume must contend with the shifting influence of meteorological variables, such as air temperature, humidity, and wind speed, on the location and the detectability of the plume. Despite their importance, the natural statistics of such variables are difficult to reproduce in the laboratory and hence few studies have investigated strategies of olfactory orientation by mobile animals under different meteorological conditions. Using trained search and rescue dogs, we quantified the olfactory orientation behaviors of dogs searching for a trail (aged 1–3 h) of a hidden human subject in a natural landscape, under a range of meteorological conditions. Dogs were highly successful in locating the human target hidden 800 m from the start location (93% success). Humidity and air temperature had a significant effect on search strategy: as air conditions became cooler and more humid, dogs searched significantly closer to the experimental trail. Dogs also modified their speed and head position according to their search location distance from the experimental trail. When close to the trail, dogs searched with their head up and ran quickly but when their search took them farther from the trail, they were more likely to search with their nose to the ground, moving more slowly. This study of a mammalian species responding to localized shifts in ambient conditions lays the foundation for future studies of olfactory orientation, and the development of a highly tractable mammalian species for such research.

中文翻译:

周围环境如何影响搜救犬的嗅觉取向。

在自然条件下,面向空气中的异味羽流的动物必须应对气象变量(如气温,湿度和风速)对羽流的位置和可检测性的变化影响。尽管它们具有重要意义,但这些变量的自然统计数据很难在实验室中再现,因此很少有研究调查在不同气象条件下流动动物的嗅觉定向策略。我们使用训练有素的搜救犬,在一系列气象条件下,对在自然景观中寻找隐藏的人类对象的踪迹(1-3小时)的狗的嗅觉定向行为进行了量化。狗在成功定位距离起始位置800 m处隐藏的人类目标方面非常成功(成功率93%)。湿度和空气温度对搜索策略有重要影响:随着空气温度变得凉爽和潮湿,狗的搜索距离实验轨迹越来越近。狗还根据其距实验路线的搜索位置距离来修改其速度和头部位置。当靠近小径时,狗抬头搜索并迅速跑开,但是当搜索使它们离小道较远时,它们更有可能用鼻子朝地面搜索,移动速度也更慢。这项对哺乳动物物种对环境条件的局部变化作出响应的研究为嗅觉取向的进一步研究奠定了基础,并为这种研究的高度易处理的哺乳动物物种的发展奠定了基础。狗的搜索距离实验轨迹更近。狗还根据其距实验路线的搜索位置距离来修改其速度和头部位置。当靠近小径时,狗抬头搜索并迅速跑开,但是当搜索使它们离小道较远时,它们更有可能用鼻子朝地面搜索,移动速度也更慢。这项对哺乳动物物种对环境条件的局部变化作出响应的研究为嗅觉取向的进一步研究奠定了基础,并为这种研究的高度易处理的哺乳动物物种的发展奠定了基础。狗的搜索距离实验轨迹更近。狗还根据其距实验路线的搜索位置距离来修改其速度和头部位置。当靠近小径时,狗抬头搜索并迅速跑开,但是当搜索使它们离小道较远时,它们更有可能用鼻子朝地面搜索,移动速度也更慢。这项对哺乳动物物种对环境条件的局部变化作出响应的研究为嗅觉取向的进一步研究奠定了基础,并为这种研究的高度易处理的哺乳动物物种的发展奠定了基础。狗抬起头搜寻并迅速奔跑,但是当他们把它们拉到离步道较远的地方时,它们更有可能用鼻子朝地面搜索,移动得更慢。这项对哺乳动物物种对环境条件的局部变化作出响应的研究为嗅觉取向的进一步研究奠定了基础,并为这种研究的高度易处理的哺乳动物物种的发展奠定了基础。狗抬起头搜寻并迅速奔跑,但是当他们把它们拉到离步道较远的地方时,它们更有可能用鼻子朝地面搜索,移动得更慢。这项对哺乳动物物种对环境条件的局部变化作出响应的研究为嗅觉取向的进一步研究奠定了基础,并为这种研究的高度易处理的哺乳动物物种的发展奠定了基础。
更新日期:2020-11-09
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