Annual Review of Vision Science ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-121219-081730 Sarah J Karlen 1 , Eric B Miller 2 , Marie E Burns 1, 2, 3
Photoreceptors are highly specialized sensory neurons with unique metabolic and physiological requirements. These requirements are partially met by Müller glia and cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which provide essential metabolites, phagocytose waste, and control the composition of the surrounding microenvironment. A third vital supporting cell type, the retinal microglia, can provide photoreceptors with neurotrophic support or exacerbate neuroinflammation and hasten neuronal cell death. Understanding the physiological requirements for photoreceptor homeostasis and the factors that drive microglia to best promote photoreceptor survival has important implications for the treatment and prevention of blinding degenerative diseases like retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration.
中文翻译：
哺乳动物光感受器死亡期间的小胶质细胞激活和炎症。
光感受器是高度专业化的感觉神经元，具有独特的代谢和生理要求。Müller 神经胶质细胞和视网膜色素上皮细胞 (RPE) 部分满足这些要求，它们提供必需的代谢物、吞噬废物并控制周围微环境的组成。第三种重要的支持细胞类型，即视网膜小胶质细胞，可以为光感受器提供神经营养支持或加剧神经炎症并加速神经元细胞死亡。了解光感受器稳态的生理要求以及驱动小胶质细胞最好地促进光感受器存活的因素对于治疗和预防致盲性退行性疾病（如色素性视网膜炎和年龄相关性黄斑变性）具有重要意义。
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