In this work, the first nonlinear particle-in-cell simulations carried out in a stellarator with the global gyrokinetic code EUTERPE using realistic plasma parameters are reported. Several studies are conducted with the aim of enabling reliable nonlinear simulations in stellarators with this code. First, EUTERPE is benchmarked against ORB5 in both linear and nonlinear settings in a tokamak configuration. Next, the use of noise control and stabilization tools, a Krook-type collision operator, markers weight smoothing and heating sources is investigated. It is studied in detail how these tools influence the linear growth rate of instabilities in both tokamak and stellarator geometries and their influence on the linear zonal flow evolution in a stellarator. Then, it is studied how these tools allow improving the quality of the results in a set of nonlinear simulations of electrostatic turbulence in a stellarator configuration. Finally, these tools are applied to a W7-X magnetic configuration using experimental plasma parameters.

中文翻译：

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仿星器中的非线性陀螺动力学 PIC 模拟，代码为 EUTERPE

在这项工作中，报告了使用现实等离子体参数在具有全局陀螺动力学代码 EUTERPE 的仿星器中进行的第一个非线性单元内粒子模拟。进行了多项研究，目的是使用此代码在仿星器中实现可靠的非线性模拟。首先，在托卡马克配置的线性和非线性设置中，EUTERPE 都针对 ORB5 进行了基准测试。接下来，研究了噪声控制和稳定工具、Krook 型碰撞算子、标记权重平滑和加热源的使用。详细研究了这些工具如何影响托卡马克和仿星器几何结构中不稳定性的线性增长率以及它们对仿星器中线性纬向流演化的影响。然后，研究了这些工具如何提高仿星器配置中静电湍流非线性模拟集的结果质量。最后，使用实验等离子体参数将这些工具应用于 W7-X 磁性配置。