Product/service systems (PSSs) are increasingly found in markets, and more resources are being invested in PSS design. Despite the substantial research into PSS design, the current literature exhibits an incomplete understanding of it as a cognitive activity. This article demonstrates that the methods used to analyze product designers’ cognitive behavior can be used to produce comparable and commensurable results when analyzing PSS designers. It also generates empirical grounding for the development of hypotheses based on a cognitive study of a PSS design session in a laboratory environment using protocol analysis. This study is a part of a larger project comparing PSS design with product design. The results, which are based on the function–behavior–structure coding scheme, show that PSS design, when coded using this scheme, can be quantitatively compared with product design. Five hypotheses were developed based on the results of the study of this design session concerning where and how designers expend their cognitive design effort. These hypotheses can be used to design experiments that test them and provide the grounding for a fuller understanding of PSS design.

中文翻译：

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使用协议分析分析产品/服务系统设计会话的认知过程

产品/服务系统 (PSS) 越来越多地出现在市场上，并且更多的资源被投入到 PSS 设计中。尽管对 PSS 设计进行了大量研究，但目前的文献对它作为一种认知活动的理解并不完整。本文表明，用于分析产品设计师认知行为的方法可用于在分析 PSS 设计师时产生可比较和可比较的结果。它还基于在实验室环境中使用协议分析对 PSS 设计会话进行认知研究，为假设的发展提供经验基础。这项研究是比较 PSS 设计与产品设计的大型项目的一部分。基于功能-行为-结构编码方案的结果表明，PSS 设计在使用该方案编码时，可以与产品设计进行定量比较。根据本次设计会议的研究结果，提出了五个假设，这些假设涉及设计师在哪里以及如何花费他们的认知设计工作。这些假设可用于设计测试它们的实验，并为更全面地理解 PSS 设计奠定基础。