Gastric epithelium operates in a hazardous environment that curtails the lifespan of the constituent cells, imposing a requirement for continuous epithelial renewal. Stem cells that reside in the stomach are thus essential for regulating physiological tissue renewal and injury repair because of their self-renewal, high proliferation capacity and multiple differentiation potentials. Recent investigations using lineage tracing models have identified diverse populations of gastric stem cells and even fully differentiated cells that can regain stem cell capacity, so enriching our understanding on the identity and plasticity of gastric stem cells. These cell populations include the Villin promotor, Lgr5⁺, CCKR2⁺, Axin2⁺ and AQP5⁺ stem cells in the antrum, TFF2 mRNA, Mist1⁺ cells and Troy⁺ mature chief cells in the corpus, as well as Sox2, eR1, Lrig1, Bmi1-marked cell in both the antrum and the corpus. Establishment of gastric organoids derived from primary gastric tissues and pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells characterizes niche factors required by the gastric stem cell populations, and further provides new insights into stomach development, host-Helicobacter pylori interactions and malignant transformation. Furthermore, focus on the gastric stem cells and their niches uncovers the initiation of stomach precancerous lesions and origin of gastric cancer, providing options for cancer prevention and intervention. In summary, with the development of stem cell research, gastric stem cells give us more opportunities to prevent and treat stomach diseases.

胃上皮在危险的环境中运行，这会缩短组成细胞的寿命，这要求持续上皮更新。因此，驻留在胃中的干细胞具有自我更新，高增殖能力和多种分化潜能，因此对于调节生理组织更新和损伤修复至关重要。最近使用谱系追踪模型进行的研究已经鉴定出胃干细胞的多样性，甚至可以恢复干细胞能力的完全分化的细胞，因此丰富了我们对胃干细胞的特性和可塑性的理解。这些细胞群包括Villin启动子，Lgr5 ⁺，CCKR2 ⁺，Axin2 ⁺和AQP5 ⁺窦腔中的干细胞，TFF2 mRNA，Mist1 ⁺细胞和Troy ⁺the体中成熟的主要细胞，以及在胃窦和the体中都具有Sox2，eR1，Lrig1，Bmi1标记的细胞。从原代胃组织和多能干细胞或胚胎干细胞衍生的胃类器官的建立表征了胃干细胞群体所需的利基因子，并进一步提供了对胃发育，宿主-幽门螺杆菌相互作用和恶性转化的新见解。此外，专注于胃干细胞及其壁ni揭示了胃癌前病变的起源和胃癌的起源，为癌症的预防和干预提供了选择。总之，随着干细胞研究的发展，胃干细胞为我们提供了更多预防和治疗胃病的机会。