Influenza viruses pose a significant threat to human health. They are responsible for a large number of deaths annually and have a serious impact on the global economy. There are numerous influenza virus subtypes, antigenic variations occur continuously, and epidemic trends are difficult to predict—all of which lead to poor outcomes of routine vaccination against targeted strain subtypes. Therefore, the development of universal influenza vaccines still constitutes the ideal strategy for controlling influenza. This article reviews the progress in development of universal vaccines directed against the conserved regions of hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and other structural proteins of influenza viruses using new technologies and strategies with the goals of enhancing our understanding of universal influenza vaccines and providing a reference for research into the exploitation of natural immunity against influenza viruses.

中文翻译：

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通用流感疫苗的开发进展。

流感病毒对人类健康构成重大威胁。他们每年造成大量死亡，并对全球经济产生严重影响。流感病毒亚型众多，抗原变异不断发生，而且流行趋势难以预测，所有这些都会导致针对目标菌株亚型的常规疫苗接种效果差。因此，开发通用流感疫苗仍然是控制流感的理想策略。本文回顾了针对血凝素（HA），神经氨酸酶（NA）保守区的通用疫苗的开发进展，