Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with three malignancies—Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD). Central to the pathogenesis of these diseases is the KSHV viral life cycle, which is composed of a quiescent latent phase and a replicative lytic phase. While the establishment of latency enables persistent KSHV infection and evasion of the host immune system, lytic replication is essential for the dissemination of the virus between hosts and within the host itself. The transition between these phases, known as lytic reactivation, is controlled by a complex set of environmental, host, and viral factors. The effects of these various factors converge on the regulation of two KSHV proteins whose functions facilitate each phase of the viral life cycle—latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) and the master switch of KSHV reactivation, replication and transcription activator (RTA). This review presents the current understanding of how the transition between the phases of the KSHV life cycle is regulated, how the various phases contribute to KSHV pathogenesis, and how the viral life cycle can be exploited as a therapeutic target.

中文翻译：

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调节KSHV潜伏期和裂解活化。

卡波西氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV）与三种恶性肿瘤有关：卡波西氏肉瘤（KS），原发性渗出性淋巴瘤（PEL）和多中心Castleman病（MCD）。这些疾病的发病机理的关键是KSHV病毒生命周期，该生命周期由静止的潜伏期和复制性溶解期组成。潜伏期的建立可以持续感染KSHV并逃避宿主免疫系统，而裂解复制对于在宿主之间以及宿主内部传播病毒至关重要。这些阶段之间的过渡（称为裂解再活化）由一系列复杂的环境，宿主和病毒因素控制。这些因素的影响集中在两种KSHV蛋白的调节上，这两种蛋白的功能促进病毒生命周期的每个阶段-潜伏期相关的核抗原（LANA）和KSHV激活，复制和转录激活剂（RTA）的主开关。这篇综述提供了关于如何调节KSHV生命周期各阶段之间的过渡，各个阶段如何促进KSHV发病机理以及如何利用病毒生命周期作为治疗靶标的当前理解。