Cultivation of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on the same land contributes to the accumulation of root exudates, leading to increased soil pathogens and decreased yield. Trichoderma harzianum is a naturally occurring endophytic biocontrol fungus that can enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Separately, Bradyrhizobium spp. is a biological nitrogen-fixing (BNF) bacterium favoring nodule formation in peanut roots which promotes nitrogen fixation. The dynamics of the symbiotic association between these two organisms were evaluated in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Peanuts were cultivated in pots inoculated with either Bradyrhizobium or Trichoderma or both to evaluate growth, development, and yield. The in vitro study results showed that seeds treated with Trichoderma had better germination and seedling biomass (p = 0.0008) compared to the other treatments. On the other hand, the results of greenhouse studies showed that seeds inoculated with both microbes, and those inoculated with Bradyrhizobium alone had higher dry biomass (p < 0.0001) as well as higher chlorophyll content (p < 0.0001) compared to the other treatments. Understanding of the interactive effects of fungal endophytes and rhizobial bacteria on plant growth and development will help in both the nutrient and disease management of Arachis hypogaea L.

中文翻译：

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根瘤菌和木霉菌联合接种对花生花生的生长，发育和产量的影响

在同一土地上种植花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）有助于根系分泌物的积累，导致土壤病原体增加和产量下降。哈茨木霉是一种天然存在的内生生物防治真菌，可以增强植物的生长，养分吸收以及对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。另外，缓生根瘤菌。是一种生物固氮细菌（BNF），有利于花生根中的根瘤形成，从而促进固氮。在实验室和温室条件下评估了这两种生物之间的共生关系。将花生种植在接种了根瘤菌或木霉的盆中或两者都可以评估生长，发育和产量。体外研究结果表明，与其他处理相比，木霉处理过的种子具有更好的发芽和幼苗生物量（p = 0.0008）。另一方面，温室研究的结果表明，与其他处理相比，两种微生物接种的种子以及单独接种根瘤菌的种子具有更高的干生物量（p <0.0001）和更高的叶绿素含量（p <0.0001）。了解真菌内生菌和根瘤菌对植物生长和发育的相互作用的影响将有助于花生花生的营养和疾病管理。