Abstract

Aquaculture is considered the fastest-growing food supply, invertebrates being a key element; in particular, whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). They contribute to human welfare, albeit potential negative environmental effects should be properly addressed. Indeed, the environmental impact of aquaculture is lower than using wild captures. Therefore, shrimp aquaculture is reviewed in relation to bioremediation and sustainability, from an ecological perspective. Since metagenomics has great potential for aquaculture, an experimental research using biofilms on whiteleg shrimp effluents is also included, as a proof of concept, given the lack of published results. That revealed a great diversity of microbes: Bacteria, Archaea, Viridiplantae, Fungi and Protozoa. They included 972 species, grouped in 638 genera and 221 families. Interestingly, the Basic Local-Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) algorithm, against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases, identified 12 species (or genera as spp.) involved in nitrification processes, which are relevant from an ecological point of view, using a restrictive threshold of ≥97%. They included Candidatus nitrosopumilus, Nitratireductor aquibiodomus, Nitratireductor spp., Nitratiruptor spp., Nitriliruptor spp., Nitrosococcus spp., Nitrosomonas aestuarii, Nitrosomonas marina, Nitrosomonas spp., Nitrosopumilus maritimus, Nitrospina spp. and Nitrospira spp. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of comprehensive metagenomics on microbiotas of Litopenaeus vannamei effluents. These results have clear implications for such cultures, mainly related to nitrification enhancement, as well as worldwide aquaculture bioremediation and environmental sustainability, in general. That is especially relevant to ameliorate pollution, which is particularly, in the current scenario of climate change and global warming.

摘要

水产养殖被认为是增长最快的食物供应，无脊椎动物是一个关键要素；特别是白腿虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）。它们有助于人类福祉，但应妥善解决潜在的负面环境影响。事实上，水产养殖对环境的影响低于使用野生捕捞。因此，从生态的角度，对虾类养殖与生物修复和可持续性进行了审查。由于宏基因组学在水产养殖方面具有巨大潜力，鉴于缺乏已发表的结果，还包括在白腿虾流出物中使用生物膜的实验研究，作为概念证明。这揭示了微生物的多样性：细菌、古生菌、植物绿藻、真菌和原生动物。它们包括972种，分为638属和221科。有趣的是，针对国家生物技术信息中心 (NCBI) 数据库的基本局部比对搜索工具 (BLAST) 算法，确定了 12 个物种（或属）参与硝化过程，从生态的角度来看是相关的，使用 ≥ 97% 的限制性阈值。他们包括暂定nitrosopumilus，Nitratireductor aquibiodomus，Nitratireductor属，Nitratiruptor属，Nitriliruptor属，亚硝化菌，亚硝化aestuarii，亚硝化码头，亚硝化菌，Nitrosopumilus maritimus，Nitrospina属。和硝化螺菌属。据我们所知，这是第一篇关于南美白对虾微生物群的综合宏基因组学报告流出物。这些结果对此类文化具有明显的意义，主要与硝化作用增强以及全球水产养殖生物修复和环境可持续性有关。这与改善污染尤其相关，尤其是在当前气候变化和全球变暖的情况下。