The need for new immunomodulatory drugs is due to the side effects associated with the prolonged use of the currently used immunomodulatory drugs. In this context, the present work aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of an ethanolic concentrated extract from Physalis angulata. The cytotoxicity of samples was determined using peritoneal macrophages though the Alamar Blue assay. The immunomodulatory activity of the ethanolic extract from P. angulata on activated macrophages was determined by measurement of nitrite and cytokine production. The immunosuppressive effects of the ethanolic extract from P. angulata was evaluated on lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. The effects of the extract on cell cycle progression and cell death on lymphocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry. Lastly, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata was tested in vivo in toxicological tests and in models of peritonitis and delayed-type hypersensitivity response. The ethanolic extract from P. angulata decreased nitrite, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, and TNF-α production by activated macrophages without affecting the cell viability. In addition, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata inhibited lymphoproliferation and the secretion of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and IFN-γ, and increased interleukin-4 secretion by activated splenocytes. Flow cytometry analysis in lymphocyte cultures showed that treatment with the ethanolic extract from P. angulata induces cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase followed by cell death by apoptosis. Moreover, mice treated with the extract from P. angulata at 100 or 200 mg/kg did not show signs of toxicity or alterations in serum components. Finally, the ethanolic extract from P. angulata significantly reduced neutrophil migration and reduced paw edema in bovine serum albumin-induced the delayed-type hypersensitivity response model. Our results demonstrate the potential of the ethanolic extract of P. angulata as an alternative for the treatment of immune-inflammatory diseases.

中文翻译：

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酸浆浓缩乙醇提取物的体外和体内免疫调节活性

需要新的免疫调节药物是由于长期使用目前使用的免疫调节药物会产生副作用。在这种情况下，目前的工作旨在研究从酸浆中提取的乙醇浓缩提取物的免疫调节作用。通过 Alamar Blue 测定，使用腹膜巨噬细胞测定样品的细胞毒性。通过测量亚硝酸盐和细胞因子的产生，确定了来自 P. angulata 的乙醇提取物对活化巨噬细胞的免疫调节活性。评估了 P. angulata 乙醇提取物对淋巴细胞增殖和细胞因子产生的免疫抑制作用。通过流式细胞术评估提取物对细胞周期进程和细胞死亡对淋巴细胞的影响。最后，来自 P. 的乙醇提取物。angulata 在毒理学试验和腹膜炎和迟发型超敏反应模型中进行了体内试验。P. angulata 的乙醇提取物减少了活化巨噬细胞产生的亚硝酸盐、白细胞介素 6、白细胞介素 12 和 TNF-α，而不影响细胞活力。此外，来自 P. angulata 的乙醇提取物抑制淋巴增殖和白细胞介素 2、白细胞介素 6 和 IFN-γ 的分泌，并增加活化脾细胞的白细胞介素 4 分泌。淋巴细胞培养物中的流式细胞术分析表明，用来自 P. angulata 的乙醇提取物进行处理会诱导细胞周期停滞在 G1 期，然后细胞因细胞凋亡而死亡。此外，用 100 或 200 mg/kg 的 P. angulata 提取物处理的小鼠没有表现出毒性迹象或血清成分的变化。最后，P. angulata 的乙醇提取物显着减少了牛血清白蛋白诱导的迟发型超敏反应模型中的中性粒细胞迁移和爪水肿。我们的结果证明了 P. angulata 的乙醇提取物作为治疗免疫炎症疾病的替代品的潜力。