Intestinal mucositis, a cytotoxic side effect of the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is characterized by ulceration, inflammation, diarrhea, and intense abdominal pain, making it an important issue for clinical medicine. Given the seriousness of the problem, therapeutic alternatives have been sought as a means to ameliorate, prevent, and treat this condition. Among the alternatives available to address this side effect of treatment with 5-FU, the most promising has been the use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and paraprobiotics. This review addresses the administration of these “biotics” as a therapeutic alternative for intestinal mucositis caused by 5-FU. It describes the effects and benefits related to their use as well as their potential for patient care.

肠粘膜炎是抗肿瘤药物5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）的细胞毒性副作用，其特点是溃疡、炎症、腹泻和剧烈腹痛，使其成为临床医学的一个重要问题。鉴于问题的严重性，人们一直在寻找替代治疗方法来改善、预防和治疗这种情况。在可用于解决 5-FU 治疗副作用的替代方案中，最有前途的是使用益生菌、益生元、合生元和副益生菌。本综述探讨了使用这些“生物制剂”作为 5-FU 引起的肠道粘膜炎的替代治疗方法。它描述了与其使用相关的效果和益处以及它们对患者护理的潜力。