Salicornia ramosissima is a C₃ halophyte that grows naturally in South Western Spain salt marshes, under soil salinity and heavy metal pollution (mostly Cu, Zn, As, and Pb) caused by both natural and anthropogenic pressure. However, very few works have reported the phytoremediation potential of S. ramosissima. In this work, we studied a microbe-assisted phytoremediation strategy under greenhouse conditions. We inoculated plant growth promoting (PGP) and heavy metal resistant bacteria in pots with S. ramosissima and natural non-polluted and polluted sediments collected from Spanish estuaries. Then, we analyzed plant ecophysiological and metal phytoaccumulation response. Our data suggested that inoculation in polluted sediments improved S. ramosissima plant growth in terms of relative growth rate (RGR) (32%) and number of new branches (61%). S. ramosissima photosynthetic fitness was affected by heavy metal presence in soil, but bacteria inoculation improved the photochemical apparatus integrity and functionality, as reflected by increments in net photosynthetic rate (21%), functionality of PSII (F_m and F_v/F_m) and electron transport rate, according to OJIP derived parameters. Beneficial effect of bacteria in polluted sediments was also observed by augmentation of intrinsic water use efficiency (28%) and slightly water content (2%) in inoculated S. ramosissima. Finally, our results demonstrated that S. ramosissima was able to accumulate great concentrations of heavy metals, mostly at root level, up to 200 mg Kg^–1 arsenic, 0.50 mg Kg^–1 cadmium, 400 mg Kg^–1 copper, 25 mg Kg^–1 nickel, 300 mg Kg^–1 lead, and 300 mg Kg^–1 zinc. Bioaugmentation incremented S. ramosissima heavy metal phytoremediation potential due to plant biomass increment, which enabled a greater accumulation capacity. Thus, our results suggest the potential use of heavy metal resistant PGPB to ameliorate the capacity of S. ramosissima as candidate for phytoremediation of salty polluted ecosystems.

斜纹夜蛾是一种C ₃盐生植物，在自然和人为压力引起的土壤盐分和重金属污染（主要是Cu，Zn，As和Pb）下，在西班牙西南部的盐沼中自然生长。但是，很少有作品报道了该植物的植物修复潜力。链球菌。在这项工作中，我们研究了温室条件下的微生物辅助植物修复策略。我们在花盆中接种了促进植物生长（PGP）和抗重金属的细菌链球菌以及从西班牙河口收集的天然无污染和无污染的沉积物。然后，我们分析了植物的生理生态和金属植物累积反应。我们的数据表明受污染沉积物的接种有所改善链球菌 以相对增长率（RGR）（32％）和新分支的数量（61％）表示植物生长。 链球菌 光合适应度受土壤中重金属的存在影响，但接种细菌改善了光化学装置的完整性和功能，这反映为PSII的净光合速率（21％）和功能的增加（F_米 和F_v/F_米）和电子传输速率，根据OJIP得出的参数。通过提高接种后的内在用水效率（28％）和少量含水量（2％），还观察到了细菌在污染沉积物中的有益作用。链球菌。最后，我们的结果表明链球菌能够积累大量的重金属，主要是在根部水平，最高可达200​​ mg Kg ^–1砷，0.50 mg Kg ^–1镉，400 mg Kg ^–1铜，25 mg Kg ^–1镍，300 mg Kg ^–1铅和300 mg Kg ^–1锌。生物强化增加链球菌由于植物生物量的增加，重金属的植物修复潜力很高，从而具有更大的积累能力。因此，我们的结果表明，潜在地使用抗重金属的PGPB来改善铅的能力。链球菌 作为盐渍生态系统植物修复的候选者。