Modified congener analysis: Quantification of cyanide in whole blood, other body fluids, and diverse beverages,Drug Testing and Analysis

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Modified congener analysis: Quantification of cyanide in whole blood, other body fluids, and diverse beverages
Drug Testing and Analysis ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1002/dta.2927
Tom R Sundermann ₁ , Georg Schmitt ₁ , Marc Bartel ₁

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The congener analysis is routinely used for the determination of volatile compounds in body fluids and beverages for forensic investigations. Although intoxications with cyanide via smoke inhalation or ingestion of cyanide salts are frequently encountered in forensic medicine, the inclusion of hydrogen cyanide in this analysis was never studied in detail. In this work, a very simple, fast, and sensitive quantification method with headspace gas chromatography and flame ionization detection for the analysis of cyanide in whole blood—was developed and validated. In contrast to the standard sample preparation of the congener analysis, an acidification step with tartaric acid was added. A limit of detection of 50 ng/ml, good linearity (coefficient of correlation > 0.9997), high accuracy (101.5%–106.4%), and precision (relative standard deviation 1.8%–3.7%) were achieved. Authentic blood samples of 10 forensic cases were investigated with the new method. Furthermore, the method was used for the quantification of cyanide in other body fluids (serum and urine) and diverse beverages. Interferences were investigated, and the addition of aldehydes produced a clear concentration‐dependent decrease of the cyanide signal. Besides, the method offers an economical use of limited sample material by the simultaneous determination of cyanide, ethanol, and congener alcohols.

中文翻译：

改进的同源物分析：全血、其他体液和各种饮料中氰化物的定量

同源物分析通常用于测定体液和饮料中的挥发性化合物，以进行法医调查。尽管在法医学中经常遇到通过吸入烟雾或摄入氰化物盐导致氰化物中毒的情况，但从未对本分析中包含的氰化氢进行过详细研究。在这项工作中，开发并验证了一种非常简单、快速且灵敏的定量方法，采用顶空气相色谱和火焰电离检测来分析全血中的氰化物。与同系物分析的标准样品制备相比，增加了酒石酸酸化步骤。检测限为 50 ng/ml、线性良好（相关系数 > 0.9997）、准确度高（101.5%–106.4%）和精密度（相对标准偏差 1. 8%–3.7%）。用新方法对10个法医案件的真实血液样本进行了调查。此外，该方法还用于定量其他体液（血清和尿液）和各种饮料中的氰化物。对干扰进行了研究，醛的添加产生了氰化物信号的明显浓度依赖性降低。此外，该方法通过同时测定氰化物、乙醇和同系醇，可以经济地使用有限的样品材料。醛的添加产生了氰化物信号的明显浓度依赖性降低。此外，该方法通过同时测定氰化物、乙醇和同系醇，可以经济地使用有限的样品材料。醛的添加产生了氰化物信号的明显浓度依赖性降低。此外，该方法通过同时测定氰化物、乙醇和同系醇，可以经济地使用有限的样品材料。

更新日期：2020-09-16

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