With the development of high‐speed railways, there is an increasing demand for high‐efficiency and environmentally friendly high‐speed rail exterior surface cleaning agents. Based on emulsification experiment, contact angle experiment, solvent solubility experiment, and decontamination effect, this article provides the initial formulation for basic high‐speed rail surface cleaner and a variety of improved formulations for special environments. The initial formulation uses cetostearyl alcohol ethoxylate C_16‐18‐EO₁₀ (O‐10) and 2‐propyl‐1‐heptano ethoxylate i‐C₁₀‐EO₅ (XP‐50) as surfactants, dipropylene glycol butyl ether as solvent, citric acid as chelating agent, benzotriazole (BTA), sodium benzoate (SB), and triethanolamine (TEOA) as corrosion inhibitors. Then it is confirmed that adding 3% sodium percarbonate to the initial formula can effectively clean stubborn dirt. Increasing the BTA mass fraction to 3%, TEOA to 12%, add linoleic acid 2%, aluminum corrosion inhibitor (CIA) 3%, and Antirust 316 3%, can significantly improve the high‐temperature corrosion‐resistant detergent. Controlling BTA concentration not exceed than 0.5%, and adding an appropriate amount of hydrotrope (such as sodium xylenesulfonate), can ensure that the detergent will not delaminate within 6 h at 60°C, which effectively prolong its high temperature stability. The performance test results show that both initial formula and the improved formula meet the basic requirements, but the improved formula shows better performance in terms of cleaning ability, high‐temperature corrosion resistance or high‐temperature stability.

中文翻译：

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改善高速火车外表面清洁剂的性能

随着高铁的发展，对高效，环保的高铁外表面清洁剂的需求不断增长。基于乳化实验，接触角实验，溶剂溶解度实验和去污效果，本文提供了基本高速铁路表面清洁剂的初始配方以及针对特殊环境的多种改进配方。初始制剂的用途鲸蜡硬脂醇乙氧基化物C ^ _16-18 -EO ₁₀（O-10）和2-丙基-1- heptano乙氧基化物我-C ₁₀ -EO ₅（XP-50）作为表面活性剂，二丙二醇丁基醚作为溶剂，柠檬酸作为螯合剂，苯并三唑（BTA），苯甲酸钠（SB）和三乙醇胺（TEOA）作为缓蚀剂。然后证实了，在初始配方中添加3％过碳酸钠可以有效地清洁顽固的污垢。将BTA的质量分数提高到3％，将TEOA提高到12％，添加2％的亚油酸，3％的铝腐蚀抑制剂（CIA）和3％的Antirust 316，可以显着改善耐高温腐蚀剂。控制BTA浓度不超过0.5％，并添加适量的水溶助长剂（例如二甲苯磺酸钠），可以确保洗涤剂在60°C下6小时之内不会分层，从而有效地延长了其高温稳定性。