A series of simulated pool fire testing and modeling were conducted on steel‐steel composite metal foam (S‐S CMF) panels according to the procedure described in appendix B of 49 CFR Part 179, Specification for Tank Cars. This paper describes a series of 3‐D heat transfer calculations using the finite‐element software COMSOL Multiphysics. The purpose of the COMSOL calculations is to determine up to what extent the FDS neglects lateral heat conduction due to heat losses at the perimeter of the exposed area. To gauge the effect of the latter, the COMSOL model assumes that the heat flux at the exposed surface of the specimen is uniform. The 3‐D heat transfer calculations show that lateral heat conduction indeed needs to be included in the model to improve the accuracy of the predicted temperature distribution but that the non‐uniformity of the heat flux in the test also should be accounted for. Based on the experimental and both 1D and 3D simulation modeling results, the steel‐steel composite metal foams tested as novel insulation system met the acceptance criteria for the simulated pool fire test in 49 CFR 179 appendix B by a large margin.

中文翻译：

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复合金属泡沫的模拟池火测试和建模

根据49 CFR第179部分“油罐车规范”附录B中所述的程序，对钢-钢复合金属泡沫（S-S CMF）面板进行了一系列模拟的池火测试和建模。本文介绍了使用有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics进行的一系列3D传热计算。COMSOL计算的目的是确定由于暴露区域周边的热损失而导致FDS忽略横向导热的程度。为了评估后者的效果，COMSOL模型假设样品暴露表面的热通量是均匀的。3D传热计算表明，确实需要在模型中包括横向导热，以提高预测温度分布的准确性，但还应考虑测试中热通量的不均匀性。根据实验以及一维和3D模拟建模结果，作为新型保温系统进行测试的钢-钢复合金属泡沫在很大程度上满足了49 CFR 179附录B中模拟水池火灾测试的验收标准。