Cancer statistics for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (aged 15‐39 years) are often presented in aggregate, masking important heterogeneity. The authors analyzed population‐based cancer incidence and mortality for AYAs in the United States by age group (ages 15‐19, 20‐29, and 30‐39 years), sex, and race/ethnicity. In 2020, there will be approximately 89,500 new cancer cases and 9270 cancer deaths in AYAs. Overall cancer incidence increased in all AYA age groups during the most recent decade (2007‐2016), largely driven by thyroid cancer, which rose by approximately 3% annually among those aged 20 to 39 years and 4% among those aged 15 to 19 years. Incidence also increased in most age groups for several cancers linked to obesity, including kidney (3% annually across all age groups), uterine corpus (3% in the group aged 20‐39 years), and colorectum (0.9%‐1.5% in the group aged 20‐39 years). Rates declined dramatically for melanoma in the group aged 15 to 29 years (4%‐6% annually) but remained stable among those aged 30 to 39 years. Overall cancer mortality declined during 2008 through 2017 by 1% annually across age and sex groups, except for women aged 30 to 39 years, among whom rates were stable because of a flattening of declines in female breast cancer. Rates increased for cancers of the colorectum and uterine corpus in the group aged 30 to 39 years, mirroring incidence trends. Five‐year relative survival in AYAs is similar across age groups for all cancers combined (range, 83%‐86%) but varies widely for some cancers, such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (74% in the group aged 15‐19 years vs 51% in the group aged 30‐39 years) and brain tumors (77% vs 66%), reflecting differences in histologic subtype distribution and treatment. Progress in reducing cancer morbidity and mortality among AYAs could be addressed through more equitable access to health care, increasing clinical trial enrollment, expanding research, and greater alertness among clinicians and patients for early symptoms and signs of cancer. Further progress could be accelerated with increased disaggregation by age in research on surveillance, etiology, basic biology, and survivorship.

中文翻译：

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2020 年青少年和年轻人的癌症统计数据

青少年和年轻成人 (AYAs)（15-39 岁）的癌症统计数据通常汇总显示，掩盖了重要的异质性。作者按年龄组（15-19 岁、20-29 岁和 30-39 岁）、性别和种族/民族分析了美国 AYA 基于人群的癌症发病率和死亡率。2020 年，AYA 将有大约 89,500 例新癌症病例和 9270 例癌症死亡病例。在最近十年（2007-2016 年）中，所有 AYA 年龄组的总体癌症发病率均有所增加，这主要是由甲状腺癌驱动的，在 20 至 39 岁的人群中每年增加约 3%，在 15 至 19 岁的人群中每年增加 4% . 大多数年龄组与肥胖相关的几种癌症的发病率也有所增加，包括肾脏（所有年龄组每年 3%）、子宫体（20-39 岁组中 3%）、和结直肠（20-39 岁组为 0.9%-1.5%）。15 至 29 岁组的黑色素瘤发病率急剧下降（每年 4%-6%），但在 30 至 39 岁组中保持稳定。2008 年至 2017 年期间，各年龄组和性别组的总体癌症死亡率每年下降 1%，但 30 至 39 岁的女性除外，由于女性乳腺癌的下降趋势趋于平稳，30 至 39 岁的女性死亡率保持稳定。30 至 39 岁组的结直肠癌和子宫体癌的发病率有所增加，反映了发病率趋势。AYAs 的 5 年相对生存率在所有癌症合并的年龄组中相似（范围，83%-86%），但在某些癌症中差异很大，例如急性淋巴细胞白血病（15-19 岁组为 74% vs 51 30-39 岁组中的百分比）和脑肿瘤（77% 对 66%），反映了组织学亚型分布和治疗的差异。可以通过更公平地获得医疗保健、增加临床试验注册、扩大研究以及提高临床医生和患者对癌症早期症状和体征的警觉性，在降低 AYA 中癌症发病率和死亡率方面取得进展。随着监测、病因、基础生物学和存活率研究中按年龄分类的增加，可以加速进一步的进展。