Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) can produce a fatal multisystem disease in carnivores and other mammals and is an important threat for wildlife conservation. However, integrative and comparative studies in wild carnivores are scarce and some areas of the world lack of genetic studies. We explore the dynamic of host-CDV in a procyonid community during an outbreak. This study reports for the first time an index case occurred in a common raccoon (Procyon lotor) and for which a complete CDV diagnosis was performed. The long-term epidemiological analysis in two sympatric populations of common raccoons and white-nosed coatis (Nasua narica) was achieved through seroneutralization, RT-PCR and direct immunofluorescence assays. Additionally, hematologic analyses were performed and phylogenetic reconstruction of CDV was done using molecular data from this study. Overall prevalence for white-nosed coatis was 19.6 % and for common raccoons was 25.3 % by seroneutralization, and 13.3 % and 17.3 % by RT-PCR. Antibodies titer average for white-nosed coatis was 1:512 and 1:156 for common raccoons. Significant difference in prevalence between white-nosed coatis and common raccoons was detected during one season (summer 2013). White-nosed coatis showed differences in erythrocytes and monocytes counts between positives and negative animals. A 100 % similarity was found between CDV of white-nosed coati and CDV of common raccoon and is a new CDV sequence not previously described; this sequence is close to Asian and European lineage. An endemic state of distemper in both species was observed but showed different dynamics over time per host species. Differences in cellular and humoral responses were also detected between procyonids. The evidence found here may have serious implications for CDV understanding in wild carnivores, it reveals clear differences in the response over time to the same CDV strain, in two close related carnivore species.

犬瘟热病毒 (CDV) 可在食肉动物和其他哺乳动物中产生致命的多系统疾病，是野生动物保护的重要威胁。然而，对野生食肉动物的综合和比较研究很少，世界上一些地区缺乏遗传研究。我们在爆发期间探索了 procyonid 社区中宿主 CDV 的动态。该研究首次报告了一只普通浣熊 ( Procyon lotor) 中发生的指示病例，并对其进行了完整的 CDV 诊断。浣熊和白鼻浣熊两个同域种群的长期流行病学分析是通过血清中和、RT-PCR 和直接免疫荧光测定实现的。此外，还进行了血液学分析，并使用该研究的分子数据对 CDV 进行了系统发育重建。白鼻浣熊的总体流行率为 19.6%，普通浣熊的血清中和率为 25.3%，RT-PCR 为 13.3% 和 17.3%。白鼻浣熊的抗体滴度平均值为 1:512，普通浣熊的抗体效价为 1:156。在一个季节（2013 年夏季）检测到白鼻浣熊和普通浣熊之间的流行率存在显着差异。白鼻浣熊在阳性和阴性动物之间的红细胞和单核细胞计数方面存在差异。在白鼻浣熊的 CDV 和普通浣熊的 CDV 之间发现了 100% 的相似性，这是一个以前没有描述过的新 CDV 序列；这个序列接近亚洲和欧洲的血统。在这两种物种中都观察到犬瘟热的流行状态，但随着时间的推移，每个宿主物种表现出不同的动态。在 procyonids 之间也检测到细胞和体液反应的差异。这里发现的证据可能对野生食肉动物的 CDV 理解有严重的影响，它揭示了两种密切相关的食肉动物物种对同一 CDV 毒株的反应随时间的明显差异。