Concerns about the quality and use of immunization and vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) surveillance data have been highlighted on the global agenda for over two decades. In August 2017, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) established a Working Group (WG) on the Quality and Use of Global Immunization and Surveillance Data to review the current status and evidence to make recommendations, which were presented to SAGE in October 2019.

The WG synthesized evidence from landscape analyses, literature reviews, country case-studies, a data triangulation analysis, as well as surveys of experts. Data quality (DQ) was defined as data that are accurate, precise, relevant, complete, and timely enough for the intended purpose (fit-for-purpose), and data use as the degree to which data are actually used for defined purposes, e.g., immunization programme management, performance monitoring, decision-making. The WG outlined roles and responsibilities for immunization and surveillance DQ and use by programme level.

The WG found that while DQ is dependent on quality data collection at health facilities, many interventions have targeted national and subnational levels, or have focused on new technologies, rather than the people and enabling environments required for functional information systems. The WG concluded that sustainable improvements in immunization and surveillance DQ and use will require efforts across the health system — governance, people, tools, and processes, including use of data for continuous quality improvement (CQI) — and that the approaches need to be context-specific, country-owned and driven from the frontline up. At the country level, major efforts are needed to: (1) embed monitoring DQ and use alongside monitoring of immunization and surveillance performance, (2) increase workforce capacity and capability for DQ and use, starting at the facility level, (3) improve the accuracy of immunization programme targets (denominators), (4) enhance use of existing data for tailored programme action (e.g., immunization programme planning, management and policy-change), (5) adopt a data-driven CQI approach as part of health system strengthening, (6) strengthen governance around piloting and implementation of new information and communication technology tools, and (7) improve data sharing and knowledge management across areas and organizations for improved transparency and efficiency.

Global and regional partners are requested to support countries in adopting relevant recommendations for their setting and to continue strengthening the reporting and monitoring of immunization and VPD surveillance data through processes periodic needs assessment and revision processes. This summary of the WG’s findings and recommendations can support “data-guided” implementation of the new Immunization Agenda 2030.

二十多年来，对免疫和疫苗可预防疾病 (VPD) 监测数据的质量和使用的担忧一直是全球议程上的重点。2017 年 8 月，战略咨询专家组 (SAGE) 成立了全球免疫和监测数据质量和使用工作组 (WG)，以审查当前状况和证据以提出建议，并于 2019 年 10 月向 SAGE 提交。

工作组综合了景观分析、文献综述、国家案例研究、数据三角测量分析以及专家调查的证据。数据质量（DQ）被定义为对于预期目的（适合目的）而言足够准确、精确、相关、完整和及时的数据，数据使用被定义为数据实际用于既定目的的程度，例如，免疫计划管理、绩效监测、决策。工作组概述了免疫和监测 DQ 的作用和责任以及按计划级别的使用。

工作组发现，虽然 DQ 依赖于卫生机构的高质量数据收集，但许多干预措施都针对国家和国家以下各级，或者侧重于新技术，而不是功能信息系统所需的人员和有利环境。工作组的结论是，免疫和监测 DQ 及其使用的可持续改进将需要整个卫生系统的努力——治理、人员、工具和流程，包括使用数据进行持续质量改进 (CQI)——并且这些方法需要结合具体情况-特定的、国家所有的、从前线推动的。在国家层面，需要做出重大努力：(1) 将监测 DQ 和使用与免疫接种和监测绩效监测结合起来，(2) 从设施层面开始，提高劳动力能力和 DQ 和使用能力，(3) 改进免疫规划目标（分母）的准确性，(4) 加强现有数据的使用以制定量身定制的规划行动（例如免疫规划规划、管理和政策变更），(5) 采用数据驱动的 CQI 方法作为卫生部门的一部分加强系统，(6) 加强围绕新信息和通信技术工具的试点和实施的治理，(7) 改善跨领域和组织的数据共享和知识管理，以提高透明度和效率。

要求全球和区域合作伙伴支持各国采纳相关建议，并通过定期需求评估和修订过程继续加强免疫和 VPD 监测数据的报告和监测。工作组的调查结果和建议摘要可以支持“数据引导”实施新的 2030 年免疫议程。