In vitro physiologically-based extraction tests (PBETs) play a key role in human risk assessment/exposure of xenobiotics from environmental and food samples. These methods are aimed at determining potential bioaccessible species in the human gastrointestinal tract and, thus, might serve as the first step for correct estimation of average daily intakes in oral exposition studies using cell permeability assays. However, the use of PBETs should be restricted to those methods that correlate well with bioavailability tests using animal models or ecotoxicity data to assure that they are mimicking physiological conditions appropriately. In this review, in vitro PBETs for assessing bioaccessibility of contaminants of emerging concern are first presented including steps for reliable processing of the gastrointestinal extracts. Particular attention is given to those PBETs that are combined or validated against bioassays including in vitro cytotoxicity studies, adhesion/absorption studies using cell lines, transepithelial transport, and in vivo analysis based on animal models. This review serves as a tutorial guide to aid practitioners in selecting the most suitable bioaccessibility tests for human exposomics of contaminants of emerging concern in solid substrates.

体外基于生理学的提取测试（PBET）在人类风险评估/环境和食品样本中异源生物的暴露中起关键作用。这些方法旨在确定人类胃肠道中潜在的生物可利用种类，因此，可作为使用细胞渗透性测定法对口腔暴露研究中平均每日摄入量进行正确估计的第一步。但是，PBET的使用应限于与使用动物模型或生态毒性数据进行的生物利用度测试紧密相关的方法，以确保它们能够适当地模仿生理条件。在这篇评论中，体外首先介绍了评估新兴关注污染物的生物可及性的PBET，包括可靠处理胃肠道提取物的步骤。特别注意那些结合或针对生物测定法验证的PBET，包括体外细胞毒性研究，使用细胞系的粘附/吸收研究，经上皮运输和基于动物模型的体内分析。这篇评论作为指南指南，可以帮助从业人员选择最合适的生物可及性测试方法，以解决人体暴露在固体基质中的新污染物。