3D printing technology has proven the potential to provide an optimized, rapid, and robust approach by developing functional materials for numerous applications, including bioelectrodes for biofuel cells. In this work, two carbon-based conductive filaments were used to prepare multi-functional electrodes for several advanced electrochemical devices, including glucose/O₂ biofuel cells, and their performances were compared. The surface modification technique has been utilized to make the 3D printed electrodes with high porosity, which makes them suitable to realize such devices. Biocatalysts (enzymes) were immobilized on the electrode surface by crosslinking, which produces energy by electrocatalysis of fuel (glucose/O₂). The clean energy produced by these microscale electronic devices can be used for various biomedical applications that require low power ranging between 10–150 µW.

3D打印技术已被证明具有潜力，可以通过开发用于多种应用的功能材料（包括用于生物燃料电池的生物电极）来提供优化，快速和强大的方法。在这项工作中，使用两条碳基导电丝为几种先进的电化学装置（包括葡萄糖/ O ₂生物燃料电池）制备多功能电极，并对其性能进行了比较。已经利用表面改性技术来制造具有高孔隙率的3D打印电极，这使其适合于实现这种装置。通过交联将生物催化剂（酶）固定在电极表面，通过燃料的电催化作用（葡萄糖/ O ₂产生能量））。这些微型电子设备产生的清洁能源可用于各种生物医学应用，这些应用需要10-150 µW之间的低功率。