Developing efficient electrocatalysts toward acidic oxygen evolution reaction (AOER) is of vital significance in proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis, which is a promising technique to tackle the approaching energy crisis by supplying high-purity hydrogen. In this work, we first present a general introduction to the AOER mechanism as well as the most important parameters in evaluation of the catalytic performances of catalysts. Fruitful achievements of noble metal-based catalysts (e.g., metals, alloys, and oxides) and noble metal-free catalysts (e.g., transition metal oxides, chalcogenides, and metal-free materials) are fully described, with an emphasis on advanced strategies of catalyst modification/engineering, structure-catalysis correlations, and evolution of catalyst structures and surface chemistry under operational conditions. The representative electrocatalysts are benchmarked based on their catalytic performances. Finally, the challenges are summarized and future opportunities are directed for the rational design of AOER catalysts toward sustainable fuel production.

开发用于酸性氧释放反应（AOER）的高效电催化剂在质子交换膜（PEM）水电解中具有至关重要的意义，这是通过提供高纯度氢来解决即将来临的能源危机的有希望的技术。在这项工作中，我们首先介绍AOER机理的一般介绍以及评估催化剂催化性能的最重要参数。充分描述了贵金属基催化剂（例如金属，合金和氧化物）和无贵金属催化剂（例如过渡金属氧化物，硫属元素化物和无金属材料）的丰硕成果，并着重介绍了催化剂改性/工程，结构-催化剂的相关性，以及在操作条件下催化剂结构和表面化学的演变。代表性的电催化剂根据其催化性能进行基准测试。最后，总结了挑战，并指出了合理设计AOER催化剂以实现可持续燃料生产的未来机会。