Stretchable conductive materials, a critical building block of soft electronics, typically require multiple components that synergistically contribute good mechanical, electrical, and interfacial properties. The overall performance is often hindered by phase instability and poor miscibility of functional fillers within polymer matrices, compromising the conductive percolative network. We addressed this challenge with an ice-templated, low-temperature polymerization (ITLP) strategy and created stretchable conducting hydrogels. Owning a hierarchical dendritic microstructure with mitigated nanoaggregation, the material exhibited 29-fold enhancement in toughness and 83-fold increase in conductivity. Strain sensors using such gels demonstrated a broad detection range, high sensitivity, and health-monitoring capability. ITLP gel electrodes exhibited 888 F/g specific capacitance and 2,097 mF/cm² areal capacitance (368 F/g) when used in solid-state supercapacitors. Flexible and stretchable wearable supercapacitors have been successfully made and can power LEDs. The ITLP strategy is anticipated to create diverse high-performance soft-electronic materials for broad applications in energy, healthcare, and robotics.

可延展的导电材料是软电子产品的重要组成部分，通常需要多个组件协同作用，以提供良好的机械，电气和界面性能。整体性能通常受到聚合物基质中功能性填料的相不稳定性和差的混溶性的阻碍，从而损害了导电渗流网络。我们通过以冰为模板的低温聚合（ITLP）策略应对了这一挑战，并创建了可拉伸的导电水凝胶。该材料拥有层级化的树枝状微结构，纳米聚集性得到缓解，该材料的韧性提高了29倍，电导率提高了83倍。使用这种凝胶的应变传感器显示出广泛的检测范围，高灵敏度和健康监测能力。在固态超级电容器中使用^2个面电容（368 F / g）。柔性且可拉伸的可穿戴式超级电容器已经成功制造，可以为LED供电。预计ITLP战略将创造出多种高性能的软电子材料，以广泛应用于能源，医疗保健和机器人技术领域。