Abstract Residential environments are associated with people's walking behavior. Transit-related, non-transit-related, and recreational walking may be differently associated with residential environments on weekdays and weekends, but empirical evidence is scarce. We therefore examined 1) to which extent these types of walking correlated with natural and built environmental characteristics of residential neighborhoods, 2) how these correlations differ for walking on weekdays and weekends, and 3) what substitution and complementarity effects between different types of walking exist. Our sample comprised 92,298 people aged ≥18 years from the pooled Dutch National Travel Survey 2010–2014. Multivariate Tobit regression models were used to assess the associations between the natural and built environment and the three types of walking (in average minutes per day). Our models accounted for cross-correlations between the walking types. Our results showed that denser residential areas encouraged both longer transit-related and non-transit-related transport walking on weekdays and weekends, whereas lower density neighborhoods were positively associated with recreational walking on weekdays. Shorter distances to public transport were only significantly associated with transit-related transport walking on weekdays. Shorter distances to daily facilities were positively associated with non-transit-related transport on weekdays. No significant associations between built environment and recreational walking were found on weekends. Additionally, some compensation effects between different types of walking seem to be at play: during weekends, recreational walking was inversely correlated with transit-related transport walking. Residential environments seem to affect walking types in a different way, suggesting that one size fits all policies might be less effective. Intervention strategies should be tailored for each walking type separately.

中文翻译：

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什么是“邻里可步行性”？建筑环境如何与不同目的的步行以及工作日和周末的步行有不同的关联

摘要 居住环境与人们的步行行为有关。在工作日和周末，与交通相关的、与交通无关的和休闲步行可能与居住环境有不同的关联，但缺乏经验证据。因此，我们检查了 1) 这些类型的步行在多大程度上与居民区的自然和建筑环境特征相关，2) 这些相关性在工作日和周末步行时有何不同，以及 3) 不同类型步行之间存在哪些替代和互补效应. 我们的样本包括来自 2010-2014 年荷兰全国旅行调查汇总的 92,298 名年龄≥18 岁的人。多变量 Tobit 回归模型用于评估自然和建筑环境与三种步行类型（每天平均分钟数）之间的关联。我们的模型考虑了步行类型之间的互相关。我们的结果表明，密集的住宅区鼓励在工作日和周末进行更长的交通相关和非交通相关的交通步行，而较低密度的社区与工作日的休闲步行呈正相关。到公共交通的距离较短仅与平日与交通相关的交通步行显着相关。到日常设施的距离较短与工作日的非交通相关交通呈正相关。周末没有发现建筑环境与休闲步行之间存在显着关联。此外，不同类型步行之间的一些补偿效应似乎在起作用：在周末，休闲步行与交通相关的交通步行呈负相关。住宅环境似乎以不同的方式影响步行类型，这表明一种适用于所有政策的政策可能不太有效。应针对每种步行类型分别制定干预策略。