Introduction

Our aim was to conduct a health impact assessment (HIA) on Sanandaj urban traffic jam, as a consequence of current urban traffic and transport initiatives conducted by Sanandaj urban traffic and transport system.

Methods

Incorporating practice standards into the methodology, and applying a single mixed-method case study, we collected four sources of data through profiling community (archival records/documentations), interviews/focus group discussions, field notes, and community survey in Sanandaj, Iran. Integration of data was conducted at interpretation level (data synthesis).

Results

Reviewing archival records, a slight increase was found in the registered death/hospitalization cases due to diseases associated to air pollution. An aggravating trend was found in both air quality of city and fines for traffic violations. Challenges of urban traffic jam from residents’ viewpoints were grouped into infrastructural, managerial, sociocultural, psychological and behavioral categories. Essential themes for the health impacts of urban traffic jam included physical and family mental health, and social determinants of health. Community survey showed high levels of negative impacts of urban traffic jam on air quality, public services delivery and accessibility, physical environment, public welfare services, family circumstances, social environment, and tobacco/substance use. The following barriers of urban traffic and transport initiatives were identified as the high priorities for revisiting plans: lack of enough streets/highways, lack of enough underpass/overpass, lack of parking lots in crowded areas and poor traffic education/acculturation. The team of assessors, based on findings, established the priority impacts and recommended justify options for action.

Conclusion

Performing the HIA, we portrayed the contribution of a various range of urban-traffic related determinants to public health in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC) setting. This study may recall and familiarize policy and decision makers outside health sector on the ways to provide community health-oriented plans/projects. Our findings are particularly informative for the LMICs, where urban traffic jam is mostly due to poor urban traffic and transport initiatives within urban areas.

中文翻译：

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伊朗萨南达杰城市交通拥堵对公共卫生的影响：混合方法设计案例研究

介绍

我们的目标是对Sanandaj城市交通拥堵进行健康影响评估（HIA），这是Sanandaj城市交通与运输系统当前开展的城市交通与运输举措的结果。

方法

将实践标准整合到方法中，并应用单个混合方法案例研究，我们通过对社区进行概要分析（档案记录/文档），访谈/焦点小组讨论，现场笔记和伊朗萨南达杰收集了四个数据源。在解释级别（数据综合）进行数据集成。

结果

查阅档案记录，发现与空气污染有关的疾病导致的死亡/医院登记病例略有增加。在城市空气质量和违反交通罚款方面都发现了加剧的趋势。从居民的角度来看，城市交通拥堵的挑战分为基础设施，管理，社会文化，心理和行为类别。造成城市交通拥堵对健康产生影响的基本主题包括身体和家庭的心理健康以及健康的社会决定因素。社区调查显示，城市交通拥堵对空气质量，公共服务的提供和可及性，自然环境，公共福利服务，家庭环境，社会环境以及烟草/物质使用产生了很大的负面影响。下列城市交通和运输举措障碍被认为是重新制定计划的高度优先事项：缺乏足够的街道/高速公路，缺乏足够的地下通道/天桥，在拥挤的地区缺乏停车场以及交通教育/文化程度差。评估人员小组根据调查结果确定了优先级影响并建议采取适当措施。

结论

在进行HIA时，我们描绘了在低收入和中等收入国家（LMIC）背景下，各种与城市交通有关的决定因素对公共卫生的贡献。这项研究可能使卫生部门以外的政策和决策者熟悉并提供有关以社区卫生为导向的计划/项目的方法。我们的发现对中低收入国家特别有帮助，因为中低收入国家的城市交通拥堵主要是由于城市地区的城市交通和运输计划不力所致。