High-precision aspheric negative plastic lenses are widely used in optical systems owing to their excellent performance and ease of high-efficiency manufacturing. The imaging performance of the lens is difficult to control, because it is unable to perform optical measurements directly and is sensitive to manufacturing processing meanwhile. Generally, the imaging performance is guaranteed by a strict control of geometrical deviation, such as Peak-to-Valley (PV) and Root-Mean-Square (RMS). In this study, an optical ray-tracing algorithm with the measured geometrical deviation data is proposed to perform an imaging performance analysis correlated with geometrical deviation for the injection molded high-precision aspheric negative plastic lens. Taguchi experiments are applied to investigating the effect of processing parameters. The geometrical deviation of the convex surface is found to be an order of magnitude greater than that of the concave surface. The geometrical dimension of the concave surface is mainly determined by the machining precision of the mold cavity surface, whereas the convex surface dimension is mainly affected by the lens shrinkage. However, the imaging performance has a nonlinear correlation with the geometrical deviation. Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) and Spot Diagram are equivalently affected by the concave and convex geometrical deviations, and depend on the object field height. The effect of processing parameters on geometrical deviation and imaging performance is uncorrelated. Thus, the imaging performance should be simultaneously considered as a criterion as well as the geometrical deviation in the optimization of aspheric negative lens injection molding processing. The imaging performance prediction using an optical ray-tracing algorithm with the measured geometrical deviation data is instrumental to optimize the manufacturing processing.

高精度非球面负性塑料透镜由于其出色的性能和易于高效制造而广泛用于光学系统。镜头的成像性能难以控制，因为它无法直接执行光学测量并且同时对制造过程敏感。通常，通过严格控制几何偏差（例如峰谷（PV）和均方根（RMS））来保证成像性能。在这项研究中，提出了一种具有测得的几何偏差数据的光线跟踪算法，以对注塑的高精度非球面负性塑料透镜进行与几何偏差相关的成像性能分析。Taguchi实验用于研究加工参数的影响。发现凸面的几何偏差比凹面的几何偏差大一个数量级。凹面的几何尺寸主要取决于模腔表面的加工精度，而凸面的尺寸主要受镜片收缩的影响。但是，成像性能与几何偏差具有非线性关系。调制传递函数（MTF）和点图等效地受到凹凸几何偏差的影响，并且取决于物场高度。处理参数对几何偏差和成像性能的影响是不相关的。从而，在优化非球面负透镜注射成型工艺时，应同时考虑成像性能和几何偏差作为标准。使用具有测量的几何偏差数据的光线跟踪算法的成像性能预测有助于优化制造过程。