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Transition from juvenility to maturity strengthens photosynthesis in sclerophyllous and deciduous but not in semi-deciduous Mediterranean shrubs
Environmental and Experimental Botany ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104265
Christos Chondrogiannis , George Grammatikopoulos

Abstract Reproductive maturity was tested as a factor of photosynthetic differentiation in adults and juveniles of native Mediterranean species. An evergreen sclerophyllous shrub (Nerium oleander), a semi-deciduous shrub with leaf dimorphism (Phlomis fruticosa) and a winter deciduous tree with shrub-like habitat (Cercis siliquastrum) were used. In previous work, the adults of the above species appeared to create more effective leaves than juveniles in terms of photosynthesis during leaf development. Our purpose was to examine if those differences sustain after leaf maturation or change through seasons in response to the main environmental stresses of the Mediterranean climate. For this reason, the photosynthetic activity was recorded for two consecutive years in fully developed leaves. The selection of individuals was based on the minimum possible size difference between adults and juveniles growing in the field and on full exposure to solar irradiance. Differentiation of photosynthetic characteristics between adults and juveniles did not exhibit a common pattern but was dependent on the growth form and the survival strategy of the plant. Photosynthesis in adults of N. oleander was superior to juveniles, with higher CO2 assimilation and electron transport rate as well as carboxylation efficiency, while differences increased during the dry period when adults take advantage of their deeper root system. In the deciduous C. siliquastrum, photosynthetic activity was generally lower in juveniles, similarly to N. oleander, but differentiation was of lower magnitude. Increased need for photoprotection in juveniles of both species in summer was recorded. However, juveniles exhibited lower photosynthetic activity also in spring, most likely due to the co-existent reproductive process. Suppression of photosynthesis due to low temperature stress in winter, was more pronounced in juveniles of N. oleander affecting mainly the electron transport rate, carboxylation efficiency and mesophyll conductance. In P. fruticosa no notable difference between adults and juveniles was observed at any time of the year. It appears that the rich repertoire of mechanisms against the adverse environmental conditions in adults of P. fruticosa, is already present in juveniles in which the need for survival overcomes any differentiation associated with allocation and usage of photosynthates due to their immaturity.

中文翻译:

从幼年到成熟的过渡加强了硬叶和落叶灌木的光合作用,但在半落叶地中海灌木中没有

摘要 生殖成熟度作为地中海本地物种成虫和幼虫光合作用分化的一个因素进行了测试。使用常绿硬叶灌木(夹竹桃)、具有叶二形性的半落叶灌木(Phlomis fruticosa)和具有灌木状栖息地的冬季落叶乔木(Cercis siliquastrum)。在以前的工作中,就叶片发育过程中的光合作用而言,上述物种的成虫似乎比幼虫产生更有效的叶子。我们的目的是检查这些差异是否会在叶子成熟后持续存在,或者是否会随着地中海气候的主要环境压力而随着季节的变化而变化。因此,在完全发育的叶片中连续两年记录光合活性。个体的选择基于在田间生长的成虫和幼虫之间可能的最小体型差异以及充分暴露于太阳辐照度。成虫和幼虫光合特性的分化没有表现出共同的模式,而是取决于植物的生长形式和生存策略。夹竹桃成虫的光合作用优于幼虫,具有更高的 CO2 同化和电子传递速率以及羧化效率,而当成虫利用其更深的根系时,差异在干旱期增加。在落叶 C. silquastrum 中,幼鱼的光合活性通常较低,与 N. oleander 类似,但分化程度较低。记录了夏季两种物种幼鱼对光保护的需求增加。然而,幼鱼在春季也表现出较低的光合活性,这很可能是由于共存的生殖过程。冬季低温胁迫对光合作用的抑制在夹竹桃幼鱼中更为明显,主要影响电子传递速率、羧化效率和叶肉电导。在 P. fruticosa 中,在一年中的任何时候都没有观察到成虫和幼虫之间的显着差异。似乎在 P. fruticosa 成虫中对抗不利环境条件的丰富机制已经存在于幼虫中,其中生存需要克服了由于其不成熟而与光合产物的分配和使用相关的任何分化。然而,幼鱼在春季也表现出较低的光合活性,这很可能是由于共存的生殖过程。冬季低温胁迫对光合作用的抑制在夹竹桃幼鱼中更为明显,主要影响电子传递速率、羧化效率和叶肉电导。在 P. fruticosa 中,在一年中的任何时候都没有观察到成虫和幼虫之间的显着差异。似乎在 P. fruticosa 成虫中对抗不利环境条件的丰富机制已经存在于幼虫中,其中生存需要克服了由于其不成熟而与光合产物的分配和使用相关的任何分化。然而,幼鱼在春季也表现出较低的光合活性,这很可能是由于共存的生殖过程。冬季低温胁迫对光合作用的抑制在夹竹桃幼鱼中更为明显,主要影响电子传递速率、羧化效率和叶肉电导。在 P. fruticosa 中,在一年中的任何时候都没有观察到成虫和幼虫之间的显着差异。似乎在 P. fruticosa 成虫中对抗不利环境条件的丰富机制已经存在于幼虫中,其中生存需要克服了由于其不成熟而与光合产物的分配和使用相关的任何分化。很可能是由于共存的生殖过程。冬季低温胁迫对光合作用的抑制在夹竹桃幼鱼中更为明显,主要影响电子传递速率、羧化效率和叶肉电导。在 P. fruticosa 中,在一年中的任何时候都没有观察到成虫和幼虫之间的显着差异。似乎在 P. fruticosa 成虫中对抗不利环境条件的丰富机制已经存在于幼虫中,其中生存需要克服了由于其不成熟而与光合产物的分配和使用相关的任何分化。很可能是由于共存的生殖过程。冬季低温胁迫对光合作用的抑制在夹竹桃幼鱼中更为明显,主要影响电子传递速率、羧化效率和叶肉电导。在 P. fruticosa 中,在一年中的任何时候都没有观察到成虫和幼虫之间的显着差异。似乎在 P. fruticosa 成虫中对抗不利环境条件的丰富机制已经存在于幼虫中,其中生存需要克服了由于其不成熟而与光合产物的分配和使用相关的任何分化。羧化效率和叶肉电导。在 P. fruticosa 中,在一年中的任何时候都没有观察到成虫和幼虫之间的显着差异。似乎在 P. fruticosa 成虫中对抗不利环境条件的丰富机制已经存在于幼虫中,其中生存需要克服了由于其不成熟而与光合产物的分配和使用相关的任何分化。羧化效率和叶肉电导。在 P. fruticosa 中,在一年中的任何时候都没有观察到成虫和幼虫之间的显着差异。似乎在 P. fruticosa 成虫中对抗不利环境条件的丰富机制已经存在于幼虫中,其中生存需要克服了由于其不成熟而与光合产物的分配和使用相关的任何分化。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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