Urbanization has brought devastating disasters to the species diversity of urban wetlands. However, due to the complexity of the urban environment, the process and causes of urban biodiversity distribution patterns are not clear. In this study, we explored the patterns and formation of spatial differentiation in zooplankton in the context of urbanization by using spatial instead of temporal methods to reveal the urbanization process in the urban intensive Huaihe River Basin. The results showed that the diversity of zooplankton decreased with increasing urbanization level, and the species composition in areas with different urbanization levels was significantly different. At the same time, the water quality of wetlands increased with decreasing urbanization level, which exhibited a significant positive correlation with the species richness of zooplankton. Total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) were the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation pattern of zooplankton. Moreover, the increase in nutrients changed the structure of zooplankton functional groups, while rotifers showed strong resistance to pollution. The inhibition of chromium (Cr) on the density of zooplankton functional groups should not be ignored. The results reveal the spatial differentiation mechanism of zooplankton in the process of urbanization and emphasize the necessity of urban wetland ecological restoration and habitat reconstruction.

城市化给城市湿地的物种多样性带来了毁灭性的灾难。然而，由于城市环境的复杂性，城市生物多样性分布模式的过程和原因尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们通过使用空间而非时间方法揭示了城市密集型淮河流域的城市化过程，探索了在城市化背景下浮游动物空间分异的模式和形成。结果表明，随着城市化水平的提高，浮游动物的多样性降低，不同城市化水平地区的物种组成存在显着差异。同时，随着城市化水平的降低，湿地的水质也有所提高，与浮游动物的物种丰富度呈显着正相关。总氮（TN），总磷（TP）和铵态氮（NH₄ ⁺ -N）是影响浮游动物空间分化模式的主要因素。此外，养分的增加改变了浮游动物官能团的结构，而轮虫则表现出较强的抗污染能力。铬（Cr）对浮游动物官能团密度的抑制作用不容忽视。结果揭示了浮游植物在城市化过程中的空间分异机制，并强调了城市湿地生态恢复和生境重建的必要性。