The primary goal of the Trojan horse method (THM) is to analyze resonant rearrangement reactions when the density of the resonance levels is low and statistical models cannot be applied. The main difficulty of the analysis is related with the facts that in the final state the THM reaction involves three particles and that the intermediate particle, which is transferred from the Trojan horse particle to the target nucleus to form a resonance state, is virtual. Another difficulty is associated with the Coulomb interaction between the particles, especially, taking into account that the goal of the THM is to study resonant rearrangement reactions at very low energies important for nuclear astrophysics. The exact theory of such reactions with three charged particles is very complicated and is not available. This is why different approximations are used to analyze THM reactions. In this review paper we describe a new approach based on a few-body formalism that provides a solid basis for deriving the THM reaction amplitude taking into account rescattering of the particles in the initial, intermediate and final states of the THM reaction. Since the THM uses a two-step reaction in which the first step is the transfer reaction populating a resonance state, we address the theory of the transfer reactions. The theory is based on the surface-integral approach and R-matrix formalism. We also discuss application of the THM to resonant reactions populating both resonances located on the second energy sheet and subthreshold resonances, which are subthreshold bound states located at negative energies close to thresholds. We consider the application of the THM to determine the astrophysical factors of resonant radiative-capture reactions at energies so low that direct measurements can hardly be performed due to the negligibly small penetrability factor in the entry channel of the reaction. We elucidated the main ideas of the THM and outline necessary conditions to perform the THM experiments.

特洛伊木马方法（THM）的主要目标是在共振水平的密度较低且无法应用统计模型时分析共振重排反应。分析的主要困难与以下事实有关：在最终状态下THM反应涉及三个粒子，并且从特洛伊木马粒子转移到目标核以形成共振态的中间粒子是虚拟的。另一个困难与粒子之间的库仑相互作用有关，尤其是考虑到THM的目标是研究在非常低的能量下的共振重排反应，这对于核天体物理学很重要。具有三个带电粒子的这种反应的确切理论非常复杂，无法获得。这就是为什么使用不同的近似值来分析THM反应的原因。在这篇综述文章中，我们描述了一种基于少数体形式主义的新方法，该方法为考虑THM反应初始，中间和最终状态下粒子的再散射提供了THM反应幅度提供了坚实的基础。由于THM使用两步反应，其中第一步是传递共振状态的转移反应，因此我们讨论了转移反应的理论。该理论基于表面积分方法，并且 由于THM使用两步反应，其中第一步是传递共振状态的转移反应，因此我们讨论了转移反应的理论。该理论基于表面积分方法，并且 由于THM使用两步反应，其中第一步是传递共振状态的转移反应，因此我们讨论了转移反应的理论。该理论基于表面积分方法，并且R-矩阵形式主义。我们还将讨论THM在共振反应中的应用，该共振反应同时位于第二能谱上的共振和亚阈值共振，这是位于接近阈值的负能量处的亚阈值结合状态。我们考虑应用THM来确定能量下共振辐射捕获反应的天体物理因子如此之低，由于在反应进入通道中的渗透性因子很小，因此很难进行直接测量。我们阐明了THM的主要思想，并概述了进行THM实验的必要条件。