Many sedimentary structures are the manifestation of fluid escape in sedimentary basins. This paper examines outcrop and seismic examples in upper Miocene deep-water sandstones and siltstones of north Taranaki, New Zealand. In outcrop examples of fluid escape features comprise discordant bodies within otherwise uniformly bedded surrounding stratigraphy, features characterized by steep sided, over-hanging, vertical or near-vertical margins, infilled with an assortment of poorly sorted or chaotically arranged sandstone and siltstone. Typically, these features are several metres wide and up to 20 m high in outcrop and always occur stratigraphically below a mass transport deposit (MTD). Examples of similar features from nearby 2D and 3D seismic reflection data consist of localized vertical to sub-vertical zones of disrupted reflectivity and are as much as 300 m in height and 10’s–100’s of metres in width. The structures occur in close association with the basal slide planes of seismic-scale MTDs. The close association of fluid escape structures with MTDs suggests that these features formed by the sudden loading of the sedimentary succession by the emplacement of several metre-thick overlying MTDs. We suggest recurring phases whereby the emplacement of MTDs triggered fluid escape within underlying strata and, in turn, the fluid escape contributed to further instability with potential for mobilization and transport of subsequent MTDs in a dynamic deep-water setting.

中文翻译：

---

质量输送沉积物对流体逃逸的作用：新西兰塔拉纳基北部的新近纪露头和地震实例

许多沉积构造是沉积盆地流体逃逸的表现。本文研究了新西兰塔拉纳基北部上中新世深水砂岩和粉砂岩的露头和地震实例。在露头的流体逃逸特征的例子中，包括在其他均匀层状的周围地层中的不协调体，特征是陡峭的、悬垂的、垂直或接近垂直的边缘，充满了各种分类不良或排列混乱的砂岩和粉砂岩。通常，这些特征在露头处有几米宽和高达 20 m 高，并且总是出现在物质输送沉积物 (MTD) 下方的地层上。来自附近 2D 和 3D 地震反射数据的类似特征的例子包括局部垂直到亚垂直反射率中断的区域，高度高达 300 m，宽度高达 10 到 100 米。这些结构与地震尺度 MTD 的基底滑动面密切相关。流体逃逸结构与 MTD 的密切关联表明，这些特征是由几米厚的上覆 MTD 的就位对沉积层序的突然加载形成的。我们建议反复出现的阶段，其中 MTD 的就位触发了下伏地层内的流体逃逸，反过来，流体逃逸导致了进一步的不稳定，有可能在动态深水环境中移动和运输后续 MTD。这些结构与地震尺度 MTD 的基底滑动面密切相关。流体逃逸结构与 MTD 的密切关联表明，这些特征是由几米厚的上覆 MTD 的就位对沉积层序的突然加载形成的。我们建议重复阶段，其中 MTD 的就位触发了下伏地层内的流体逃逸，反过来，流体逃逸导致了进一步的不稳定，并有可能在动态深水环境中移动和运输后续 MTD。这些结构与地震尺度 MTD 的基底滑动面密切相关。流体逃逸结构与 MTD 的密切关联表明，这些特征是由几米厚的上覆 MTD 的就位对沉积层序的突然加载形成的。我们建议反复出现的阶段，其中 MTD 的就位触发了下伏地层内的流体逃逸，反过来，流体逃逸导致了进一步的不稳定，有可能在动态深水环境中移动和运输后续 MTD。