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Feeding specialization and longer generation time are associated with relatively larger brains in bees
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0762
Ferran Sayol 1, 2, 3 , Miguel Á Collado 4 , Joan Garcia-Porta 5 , Marc A Seid 6 , Jason Gibbs 7 , Ainhoa Agorreta 8 , Diego San Mauro 8 , Ivo Raemakers 9 , Daniel Sol 10, 11 , Ignasi Bartomeus 4
Affiliation  

Despite their miniature brains, insects exhibit substantial variation in brain size. Although the functional significance of this variation is increasingly recognized, research on whether differences in insect brain sizes are mainly the result of constraints or selective pressures has hardly been performed. Here, we address this gap by combining prospective and retrospective phylogenetic-based analyses of brain size for a major insect group, bees (superfamily Apoidea). Using a brain dataset of 93 species from North America and Europe, we found that body size was the single best predictor of brain size in bees. However, the analyses also revealed that substantial variation in brain size remained even when adjusting for body size. We consequently asked whether such variation in relative brain size might be explained by adaptive hypotheses. We found that ecologically specialized species with single generations have larger brains—relative to their body size—than generalist or multi-generation species, but we did not find an effect of sociality on relative brain size. Phylogenetic reconstruction further supported the existence of different adaptive optima for relative brain size in lineages differing in feeding specialization and reproductive strategy. Our findings shed new light on the evolution of the insect brain, highlighting the importance of ecological pressures over social factors and suggesting that these pressures are different from those previously found to influence brain evolution in other taxa.

中文翻译:

饲养专业化和更长的世代时间与蜜蜂的大脑相对较大有关

尽管它们的大脑很小,但昆虫的大脑大小却表现出很大的差异。尽管这种变异的功能意义越来越被认识到,但关于昆虫大脑大小的差异是否主要是限制或选择压力的结果的研究几乎没有进行。在这里,我们通过结合对主要昆虫群体蜜蜂(Apoidea 总科)大脑大小的前瞻性和回顾性基于系统发育的分析来解决这一差距。使用来自北美和欧洲的 93 个物种的大脑数据集,我们发现体型是蜜蜂大脑大小的最佳预测指标。然而,分析还表明,即使在调整身体大小后,大脑大小的显着变化仍然存在。因此,我们询问是否可以通过适应性假设来解释相对大脑大小的这种变化。我们发现具有单代的生态专业物种的大脑(相对于它们的体型而言)比通才或多代物种的大脑更大,但我们没有发现社会性对相对大脑大小的影响。系统发育重建进一步支持在喂养专业化和繁殖策略不同的谱系中存在不同的相对大脑大小的适应性最优。我们的研究结果为昆虫大脑的进化提供了新的思路,突出了生态压力对社会因素的重要性,并表明这些压力与之前发现的影响其他分类群大脑进化的压力不同。但我们没有发现社会性对相对大脑大小的影响。系统发育重建进一步支持在喂养专业化和繁殖策略不同的谱系中存在不同的相对大脑大小的适应性最优。我们的研究结果为昆虫大脑的进化提供了新的思路,突出了生态压力对社会因素的重要性,并表明这些压力与之前发现的影响其他分类群大脑进化的压力不同。但我们没有发现社会性对相对大脑大小的影响。系统发育重建进一步支持在喂养专业化和繁殖策略不同的谱系中存在不同的相对大脑大小的适应性最优。我们的研究结果为昆虫大脑的进化提供了新的思路,突出了生态压力对社会因素的重要性,并表明这些压力与之前发现的影响其他分类群大脑进化的压力不同。
更新日期:2020-09-16
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