A new snailfish, Paraliparis flammeus, is described on the basis of 18 specimens collected off the Pacific coast of Tohoku District, northern Japan at depths of 422–890 m. The new species is distinguished from 28 species of Paraliparis described from the North Pacific by the following combination of characters: mouth oblique; uppermost pectoral-fin base below horizontal through posterior margin of maxillary; 60–63 vertebrae, 54–58 dorsal-fin rays, 50 or 51 anal-fin rays, six principal caudal-fin rays, and 17–20 pectoral-fin rays. A maximum likelihood tree based on 106 COI gene sequences (492 bp) of Paraliparis recovered a monophyletic group comprising P. flammeus, Paraliparis cephalus, and Paraliparis dipterus. Paraliparis cephalus is similar to P. flammeus in having an oblique mouth, but it has four caudal-fin rays (vs six rays) and the uppermost pectoral-fin base above a horizontal through the maxillary posterior margin. Paraliparis dipterus differs from P. flammeus in having a horizontal mouth, 12–14 pectoral-fin rays, and lacking pyloric caeca (present in P. flammeus). Paraliparis flammeus is most similar to the eastern North Pacific Paraliparis mento in having an oblique mouth and the uppermost pectoral-fin base below a horizontal through the posterior margin of the maxillary. However, P. flammeus differs from P. mento in having six caudal-fin rays (vs five rays) and greater preanal length (29.9–35.3% SL vs 26.7–28.5% SL). A poorly known species, Paraliparis mandibularis, previously known from only two specimens collected from Tosa Bay, southern Japan, is redescribed based on the holotype and seven newly collected specimens. It is also similar to the new species but has 27–30 pectoral-fin rays and a shorter pectoral-fin lower lobe (13.8–15.9% SL in P. mandibularis vs 16.7–23.4% SL in P. flammeus).

中文翻译：

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来自北太平洋西部的一种新的鳞翅目鲷属（Liparidae）的nail鱼，重新命名了鲜为人知的下颌鳞翅目Paraliparis mandibularis

根据在日本北部东北地区太平洋沿岸422-890 m深度采集的18个标本，描述了一种新的蜗牛鱼，即Paraliparis flammeus。新物种与北太平洋描述的28种Paraliparis有以下特征的区别：最上层的胸鳍基部位于水平位置以下，直到上颌骨的后缘；60–63个椎骨，54–58个背鳍射线，50或51个肛门鳍射线，6个主尾鳍射线和17–20个胸鳍射线。基于拟南芥的106个COI基因序列（492 bp）的最大似然树可检索到一个由火红假单胞菌，头副对虾和双翅对虾组成的单系群。副唇唇类似于嘴角斜眼的flammeus，但它具有四尾鳍射线（vs六射线）和最上层的胸鳍基底，位于上颌后缘的水平线上。Paraliparis dipterus与P. flammeus的不同之处在于其嘴巴水平，具有12–14个胸鳍射线，并且没有幽门盲肠（存在于P. flammeus中）。唇副唇炎与北太平洋东部的门鼻副唇最相似，其具有倾斜的嘴巴和最上层的胸鳍底部，水平穿过上颌后缘。但是，火红疟原虫与门徒疟原虫的区别在于尾鳍射线有6条（vs射线有5条），且肛门前部长度更大（SL分别为29.9–35.3％和26.7–28.5％）。一种稀有物种Paraliparis mandibularis，以前仅从日本南部土佐湾采集的两个标本中才知道，根据整型和七个新收集的标本重新描述。它也与新物种相似，但具有27–30个胸鳍射线和较短的胸鳍下叶（下颚对虾的SL为13.8–15.9％，而对火红对虾的SL为16.7–23.4％）。