Purpose

Traditional Malaysian vegetables, also known as ulam, are believed to have healing properties among the local community. Ulam is commonly reported to have high antioxidant content which makes it a popular food. The purpose of this paper is to determine the teratogenic potential of eight ulam, using zebrafish model. The tested ulam were Cosmos caudatus, Gynura procumbens, Labisia pumila var. alata, Phaleria macrocarpa, Polygonum minus, Piper sarmentosum, Premna foetida and Sauropus androgynous.

Design/methodology/approach

Methanol extract of ulam was prepared using the maceration method. Various concentrations of extracts were tested against fish embryo short-term toxicity test. The lethal concentration (LC₅₀) and teratogenic effect of the ulam were determined.

Findings

Among all tested species, L. pumila, P. foetida and S. androgynous showed 100% lethal effect towards zebrafish embryos at concentrations of 10 µg/mL, 1,000 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL, respectively. The three ulam have exhibited teratogenic effect on zebrafish embryos after 72 h post-fertilization. L. pumila had induced yolk sac edema at 1.0 µg/mL for normalized measurement of 108.3 ± 2.0% (which is higher than negative control, p < 0.05, median = 110.7%), while P. foetida had induced pericardial edema at 100 µg/mL for normalized measurement of 124.0 ± 4.6% (which is higher than negative control, p < 0.05, median = 124.3%). On the other hand, S. androgynus induced curve trunk at 30 µg/mL for the presence of 70.9 ± 4.2%.

Originality/value

The teratogenic effect of L. pumila, P. foetida and S. androgynous suggests the possible disruption in the embryogenesis in zebrafish, namely Notch, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and retinoic acid pathways. The results of ulam gave possible implications and insights on the cancer pathways involved, which could be a useful target for cancer research. This is the first report on teratogenicity evaluation of Malaysian ulam showing relationship to cancer pathways by using zebrafish embryo model.

中文翻译：

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斑马鱼模型中传统马来西亚蔬菜（乌兰）的致畸潜力

目的

传统的马来西亚蔬菜，也称为乌兰姆，被认为在当地社区具有治疗作用。据报道，乌兰具有很高的抗氧化剂含量，因此使其成为受欢迎的食品。本文的目的是使用斑马鱼模型确定8乌拉姆的致畸潜力。该测试乌拉姆是帝皇乌蓝，平卧菊三七，Labisia荔变种。阿拉塔，Phaleria macrocarpa，何首乌，Piper sarmentosum，Premna foetida和Sauropus雌雄同体。

设计/方法/方法

用浸软法制备乌兰的甲醇提取物。针对鱼胚短期毒性测试对各种浓度的提取物进行了测试。测定了致命的浓度（LC ₅₀）和乌兰的致畸作用。

发现

在所有测试的物种，L.荔，P.蚓和S.雌雄同体显示以10μg/毫升，1000微克/毫升和100微克/毫升，分别的浓度朝斑马鱼胚胎100％致死的效果。受精后72小时，这三个乌兰姆对斑马鱼的胚胎表现出致畸作用。L. pumila诱导的卵黄囊水肿为1.0 µg / mL，归一化测量值为108.3±2.0％（高于阴性对照，p  <0.05，中位数= 110.7％），而foet foetida诱导的心包水肿为100μg / mL的标准化测量为124.0±4.6％（高于阴性对照，p <0.05，中位数= 124.3％）。另一方面，雄性链球菌诱导的曲线躯干以30 µg / mL的浓度存在，为70.9±4.2％。

创意/价值

L. pumila，P。foetida和S. androgynous的致畸作用表明斑马鱼胚胎发生的可能破坏，即Notch，血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和视黄酸途径。ulam的结果对所涉及的癌症途径提供了可能的启示和见解，这可能是癌症研究的有用目标。这是关于马来西亚乌拉姆致畸性评估的第一份报告，该报告通过使用斑马鱼胚胎模型显示了与癌症途径的关系。