Metamaterials, as artificially structured materials composed of subwavelength arrays of resonant unit cells, can exhibit exotic properties beyond those accessible to natural materials. They were initially proposed for challenging fundamental laws and demonstrating negative refraction in the microwave regime, and subsequently exploited as a versatile platform to manipulate electromagnetic waves throughout the spectrum via their extreme scalability. Over the past decade, research into metamaterials has been extended to a search for real-world applications, leading to the concept of metadevices, defined as metamaterial-based devices that can operate in an active manner. Due to their subwavelength scale, metamaterials present intriguing strategies for active tuning and provide flat, high-efficiency alternatives to conventional optical systems based on bulky components. In this topical review, we summarize the development of active metamaterials and metadevices ranging from microwave...

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活性超材料和超设备：综述

超材料是由共振晶胞的亚波长阵列组成的人工结构材料，具有超越天然材料的奇异特性。最初提出它们是为了挑战基本定律并证明微波状态下的负折射，随后被用作通用平台以通过其极好的可扩展性来操纵整个频谱中的电磁波。在过去的十年中，对超材料的研究已扩展到对实际应用的搜索，从而引发了超设备的概念，超设备的概念是指可以主动运行的基于超材料的设备。由于其亚波长范围，超材料呈现出有趣的主动调谐策略，并提供平坦，基于笨重组件的常规光学系统的高效替代品。在这篇专题综述中，我们总结了从微波到微波的活性超材料和超设备的发展。