As global change and anthropogenic pressures continue to increase, conservation and management increasingly needs to consider species’ potential to adapt to novel environmental conditions. Therefore, it is imperative to characterise the main selective forces acting on ecosystems, and how these may influence the evolutionary potential of populations and species. Using a multi-model seascape genomics approach, we compare putative environmental drivers of selection in three sympatric southern African marine invertebrates with contrasting ecology and life histories: Cape urchin (Parechinus angulosus), Common shore crab (Cyclograpsus punctatus), and Granular limpet (Scutellastra granularis). Using pooled (Pool-seq), restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), and seven outlier detection methods, we characterise genomic variation between populations along a strong biogeographical gradient. Of the three species, only S. granularis showed significant isolation-by-distance, and isolation-by-environment driven by sea surface temperatures (SST). In contrast, sea surface salinity (SSS) and range in air temperature correlated more strongly with genomic variation in C. punctatus and P. angulosus. Differences were also found in genomic structuring between the three species, with outlier loci contributing to two clusters in the East and West Coasts for S. granularis and P. angulosus, but not for C. punctatus. The findings illustrate distinct evolutionary potential across species, suggesting that species-specific habitat requirements and responses to environmental stresses may be better predictors of evolutionary patterns than the strong environmental gradients within the region. We also found large discrepancies between outlier detection methodologies, and thus offer a novel multi-model approach to identifying the principal environmental selection forces acting on species. Overall, this work highlights how adding a comparative approach to seascape genomics (both with multiple models and species) can elucidate the intricate evolutionary responses of ecosystems to global change.

中文翻译：

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多模型海景基因组学可确定同伴海洋物种之间进行选择的不同环境驱动因素。

随着全球变化和人为压力的不断增加，保护和管理日益需要考虑物种适应新的环境条件的潜力。因此，必须表征作用于生态系统的主要选择力，以及这些选择力如何影响种群和物种的进化潜力。使用多模型海景基因组学方法，我们比较了生态和生活史截然相反的三个同伴南部非洲无脊椎动物的推定环境驱动因素：海角海角（Parechinus angulosus），普通岸蟹（Cyclograpsus punctatus）和颗粒状贝类（Scutellastra）颗粒）。使用合并（Pool-seq），限制位点相关的DNA测序（RAD-seq）和七种离群值检测方法，我们描述了沿强大的生物地理梯度的种群之间的基因组变异。在这三个物种中，只有颗粒链球菌显示出显着的按距离隔离，以及由海面温度（SST）驱动的按环境隔离。相比之下，海面盐度（SSS）和气温范围与马尾C和马尾。的基因组变化更密切相关。在这三个物种的基因组结构上也发现了差异，离群基因位点在东西海岸有两个簇，分别是粒状链球菌和an。这些发现说明了跨物种的独特进化潜力，这表明，与该区域内强烈的环境梯度相比，特定物种的栖息地需求和对环境压力的响应可能是进化模式的更好预测指标。我们还发现异常值检测方法之间存在较大差异，因此提供了一种新颖的多模型方法来识别作用在物种上的主要环境选择力。总的来说，这项工作突出了如何在海景基因组学中添加比较方法（具有多个模型和物种）如何阐明生态系统对全球变化的复杂进化响应。