The aim of this article was to systematically review the quality and efficacy of the current evidence for mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), patients with dementia (PwD), and their caregivers. We identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (11 for patients, 9 for caregivers) published in the last 15 years. Evidence suggested that MBIs are highly acceptable and credible treatments for patients with MCI, PwD and caregivers. Specifically, for PwD, the results indicated that the magnitude of post-treatment effects of MBIs are in the medium to large range for psychosocial outcomes, and in the small to medium range for cognitive functioning; however, treatment effects on dementia biomarkers were mixed, ranging from small to large, depending on the outcome measure. Findings also evidenced salutary effects of MBIs for caregivers of PwD, with post-treatment effects ranging from medium to large for caregiver stress and burden and large effects for quality of life, and mixed outcomes for cognitive functioning, with effects in the small to large range. However, confidence in these findings is relatively limited due to methodological limitations, especially in terms of poor consistency in intervention strategies, outcome measures, and other key criteria across studies. To better assess the value of MBIs for these populations and optimize treatment outcomes, we recommend further research with improved study methodology (e.g., multi-method assessment, universal criterion and outcome measures, use of active control groups, larger sample sizes, long-term follow-up) to replicate current findings and enhance our understanding of underlying treatment mechanisms of MBIs.

本文的目的是系统地审查当前基于正念干预 (MBI) 的轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 患者、痴呆症 (PwD) 患者及其护理人员的证据的质量和有效性。我们确定了过去 15 年发表的 20 项随机对照试验 (RCT)（11 项针对患者，9 项针对护理人员）。有证据表明，对于 MCI、PwD 和护理人员而言，MBIs 是高度可接受和可信的治疗方法。具体而言，对于 PwD，结果表明 MBI 的治疗后影响程度在心理社会结果方面处于中到大范围，而在认知功能方面处于中小范围；然而，对痴呆生物标志物的治疗效果是混合的，从小到大，取决于结果测量。研究结果还证明了 MBI 对 PwD 照顾者的有益影响，治疗后对照顾者压力和负担的影响从中到大，对生活质量的影响大，对认知功能的影响不一，影响范围小到大. 然而，由于方法学上的限制，对这些发现的信心相对有限，特别是在干预策略、结果测量和跨研究的其他关键标准的一致性较差方面。为了更好地评估 MBI 对这些人群的价值并优化治疗结果，我们建议进一步研究改进研究方法（例如，多方法评估、通用标准和结果测量、使用主动对照组、更大的样本量、