Based on a certain Qingdao metro station, a large-scale three-dimensional model test has been carried out to investigate the stability of the surrounding rock masses (hard rock) and a large-span metro station under different excavation methods and technologies. The model test includes an entire section excavation, an arch-cover excavation, and a primary support arch-cover excavation. Compared with the entire section excavation, the primary support arch-cover method can effectively control the vault settlement and clearance convergence deformation of the surrounding rock masses, reducing them by 15–30%. The deformation itself goes through three stages: slow, abrupt, and stable. The excavation of the “middle hole” creates a drastic change in the tunnel vault during the arch-cover excavation; however, the timely application of supports can effectively constrain the range of disturbance caused by the excavation and weaken the degree of load agglomeration of the surrounding rock masses.

中文翻译：

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浅埋大跨度硬岩地铁车站变形力学及稳定性试验分析

在某青岛地铁站的基础上，进行了大规模三维模型试验，研究了不同开挖方法和技术对围岩（硬岩）和大跨度地铁站的稳定性。模型测试包括整个断面开挖，拱盖开挖和主要支撑拱盖开挖。与整个断面开挖相比，一次支护拱盖法可以有效地控制围岩的拱顶沉降和净空收敛收敛变形，将其减少15％至30％。变形本身经历三个阶段：缓慢，突然和稳定。“中孔”的开挖在拱盖开挖期间使隧道拱顶发生了巨大变化。然而，