Significant research has provided robust task and evaluation languages for the analysis of exploratory visualizations. Unfortunately, these taxonomies fail when applied to communicative visualizations. Instead, designers often resort to evaluating communicative visualizations from the cognitive efficiency perspective: "can the recipient accurately decode my message/insight?" However, designers are unlikely to be satisfied if the message went 'in one ear and out the other.' The consequence of this inconsistency is that it is difficult to design or select between competing options in a principled way. The problem we address is the fundamental mismatch between how designers want to describe their intent, and the language they have. We argue that visualization designers can address this limitation through a learning lens: that the recipient is a student and the designer a teacher. By using learning objectives, designers can better define, assess, and compare communicative visualizations. We illustrate how the learning-based approach provides a framework for understanding a wide array of communicative goals. To understand how the framework can be applied (and its limitations), we surveyed and interviewed members of the Data Visualization Society using their own visualizations as a probe. Through this study we identified the broad range of objectives in communicative visualizations and the prevalence of certain objective types.

中文翻译：

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作为学习问题的交流可视化

重要的研究为探索性可视化的分析提供了强大的任务和评估语言。不幸的是，这些分类法在应用于交流可视化时失败了。相反，设计师经常从认知效率的角度评估沟通可视化：“接收者能否准确地解码我的信息/洞察力？” 然而，如果信息“从一只耳朵传到另一只耳朵”，设计师不太可能满意。这种不一致的结果是很难以原则性的方式在竞争选项之间进行设计或选择。我们解决的问题是设计师想要描述他们的意图的方式与他们拥有的语言之间的根本不匹配。我们认为可视化设计师可以通过学习镜头来解决这个限制：收件人是学生，设计师是老师。通过使用学习目标，设计师可以更好地定义、评估和比较交流可视化。我们说明了基于学习的方法如何为理解广泛的交流目标提供框架。为了了解如何应用该框架（及其局限性），我们使用他们自己的可视化作为探索调查和采访了数据可视化协会的成员。通过这项研究，我们确定了交流可视化中的广泛目标以及某些目标类型的普遍性。我们说明了基于学习的方法如何为理解广泛的交流目标提供框架。为了了解如何应用该框架（及其局限性），我们使用他们自己的可视化作为探索调查和采访了数据可视化协会的成员。通过这项研究，我们确定了交流可视化中的广泛目标以及某些目标类型的普遍性。我们说明了基于学习的方法如何为理解广泛的交流目标提供框架。为了了解如何应用该框架（及其局限性），我们使用他们自己的可视化作为探索调查和采访了数据可视化协会的成员。通过这项研究，我们确定了交流可视化中的广泛目标以及某些目标类型的普遍性。