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Specificity Distorted: Chemical Induction of Biological Paracatalysis.
Biochemistry ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00643
Brian P Callahan 1 , Daniel A Ciulla 1 , Andrew G Wagner 1 , Zihan Xu 1 , Xiaoyu Zhang 1
Affiliation  

We define paracatalysis as the acceleration of a reaction that appears abnormal or nonphysiological. With the high specificity of enzymes, side reactivity of this kind is typically negligible. However, enzyme paracatalysis can be amplified to levels that are biologically significant through interactions with a special class of small molecule “antagonist”, here termed a paracatalytic inducer. Compounds with this unusual mode of action tend to be natural products, identified by chance through phenotypic screens. In this Perspective, we suggest two general types of paracatalytic inducer. The first type promotes substrate ambiguity, where the enzyme’s ground state selectivity is compromised, enabling the transformation of non-native substrates. The second type involves transition state ambiguity, where the paracatalytic inducer changes the enzyme’s interactions with the activated substrate, giving rise to non-native bond making. Although they are unusual, small molecules that induce paracatalysis have established value as hypothesis-generating probes and a few substances, i.e., aspirin and the aminoglycosides, have proven to be translatable as medicines.

中文翻译:

特异性扭曲:生物副催化的化学诱导。

我们将副催化定义为异常或非生理反应的加速。由于酶的高度特异性,这种副反应通常可以忽略不计。然而,酶的副催化作用可以通过与一类特殊的小分子“拮抗剂”(此处称为副催化诱导剂)相互作用而放大到具有生物学意义的水平。具有这种不寻常作用方式的化合物往往是天然产物,通过表型筛选偶然发现。在这个观点中,我们建议使用两种一般类型的副催化诱导剂。第一种类型促进底物模糊,其中酶的基态选择性受到损害,从而能够转化非天然底物。第二种类型涉及过渡状态歧义,其中,副催化诱导剂改变酶与活化底物的相互作用,导致非天然键的形成。尽管它们很不寻常,但诱导副催化作用的小分子已经确立了作为产生假设的探针的价值,并且一些物质,即阿司匹林和氨基糖苷类,已被证明可以作为药物进行翻译。
更新日期:2020-09-29
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