Abstract

Global change has been accompanied by recent increases in the frequency and intensity of various ecological disturbances (e.g., fires, floods, cyclones), both natural and anthropogenic in origin. Because these disturbances often interact, their cumulative and synergistic effects can result in unforeseen consequences, such as insect outbreaks, crop failure, and progressive ecosystem degradation. We consider the roles of biological legacies, thresholds, and lag effects responsible for the distinctive impacts of interacting disturbances. We propose a hierarchical classification that distinguishes the patterns and implications associated with random co-occurrences, individual links, and multiple links among disturbances that cascade in chains or networks. Disturbance-promoting interactions apparently prevail over disturbance-inhibiting ones. Complex and exogenous disturbance cascades are less predictable than simple and endogenous links because of their dependency on adjacent or synchronous events. These distinctions help define regional disturbance regimes and can have implications for natural selection, risk assessment, and options for management intervention.

中文翻译：

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干扰相互作用的生态学

摘要

全球变化伴随着自然和人为起源的各种生态干扰（例如火灾，洪水，气旋）的发生频率和强度最近增加。由于这些干扰通常相互作用，因此它们的累积和协同效应可能导致无法预料的后果，例如昆虫暴发，农作物歉收和生态系统逐步退化。我们认为生物学遗产，阈值和滞后效应的作用是相互作用干扰的独特影响。我们提出了一种分级分类，以区分与随机共现，单个链接以及在链或网络中级联的干扰之间的多个链接相关的模式和含义。促进干扰的相互作用显然优于抑制干扰的相互作用。复杂和外源性干扰级联比简单和内源性链路更难预测，因为它们依赖于相邻或同步事件。这些区别有助于定义区域骚扰制度，并可能对自然选择，风险评估和管理干预措施产生影响。