Obesity is characterized by increased adipose tissue mass that results from increased fat cell size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia). The molecular mechanisms that govern the regulation and differentiation of adipocytes play a critical role for better understanding of the pathological mechanism of obesity. However, the mechanism of adipocyte differentiation is still unclear.

The present study aims to compare the gene expression changes during adipocyte differentiation in the transcriptomic level, which may help to better understand the mechanism of adipocyte differentiation.

RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, GO and KEGG analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, and oil red O staining methods were used in this study.

A lot of genes were up- or down-regulated between each two differentiation stages of 3T3-L1 cells. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that lipid metabolism and oxidation–reduction reaction were mainly involved in the whole process of adipocyte differentiation. Decreased immune response and cell cycle adhesion occurred in the late phase of adipocyte differentiation, which was demonstrated by divergent expression pattern analysis. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of Trpv4, Trpm4, Trpm5, and Trpm7 were significantly decreased in the differentiated adipocytes. On the other hand, the mRNA expression levels of Trpv1, Trpv2, Trpv6, and Trpc1 were significantly increased in the differentiated adipocytes. Besides, the mRNA expressions of TRPV2 and TRPM7 were also significantly increased in subcutaneous white adipose tissue from diet-induced mice. In addition, the activation of TRPM7, TRPV1, and TRPV2 suppressed the differentiation of adipocytes.

These data present the description of transcription profile changes during adipocyte differentiation and provides an in-depth analysis of the possible mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation. These data offer new insight into the understanding of the mechanisms of adipocyte differentiation.

肥胖的特征是脂肪组织质量增加，这是由于脂肪细胞大小（肥大）和数量（增生）增加所致。控制脂肪细胞调节和分化的分子机制对于更好地理解肥胖的病理机制发挥着关键作用。然而，脂肪细胞分化的机制仍不清楚。

本研究旨在在转录组水平上比较脂肪细胞分化过程中基因表达的变化，这可能有助于更好地理解脂肪细胞分化的机制。

本研究采用RNA测序（RNA-seq）技术、GO和KEGG分析、定量RT-PCR以及油红O染色方法。

许多基因在3T3-L1细胞的每两个分化阶段之间上调或下调。基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）分析表明，脂质代谢和氧化还原反应主要参与脂肪细胞分化的整个过程。不同的表达模式分析表明，脂肪细胞分化的后期发生了免疫反应和细胞周期粘附的降低。此外，定量RT-PCR结果显示，mRNA的表达水平色氨酸4 ,色氨酸4 ,转每分钟5 ， 和色氨酸7分化的脂肪细胞明显减少。另一方面，mRNA 表达水平色氨酸1 ,色氨酸2 ,色氨酸6 ， 和Trpc1分化的脂肪细胞显着增加。此外，饮食诱导小鼠皮下白色脂肪组织中TRPV2和TRPM7 mRNA表达也显着增加。此外，TRPM7、TRPV1和TRPV2的激活抑制了脂肪细胞的分化。

这些数据描述了脂肪细胞分化过程中转录谱的变化，并提供了对脂肪细胞分化可能机制的深入分析。这些数据为理解脂肪细胞分化机制提供了新的见解。