Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is considered as one of the most expensive spices. Fusarium corm rot of saffron, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is known to cause severe yield losses worldwide. In the present study, efficacy of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma asperellum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus stratosphericus, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus subtilis) along with a chemical fungicide, carbendazim, was evaluated for managing the corm rot of saffron. Under in vitro conditions, using dual culture and poison food techniques on potato dextrose agar, T. asperellum and carbendazim significantly reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen F. oxysporum, with the inhibition of 62.76 and 60.27%, respectively, compared with control. Under field conditions, dipping of saffron corms in carbendazim and T. asperellum exhibited maximum reduction of 82.77 and 77.84%, respectively, in the disease incidence, during the first year of experiment. However, during the second year, maximum reduction in the incidence of corm rot (68.63%) was recorded with the T. asperellum. Moreover, the population density of F. oxysporum was also significantly reduced by 60 and 80.19% while using T. asperellum after 75 and 260 days of sowing of saffron corms, compared to its population before planting of corms. In case of growth promotion traits, such as sprouting and flowering, biocontrol treatments reduced the number of days (average) of sprouting and flower emergence after sowing, compared to control.

中文翻译：

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生物防治剂在尖孢镰刀菌引起的藏红花茎杆腐烂治理中的作用

藏红花（番红花）被认为是最昂贵的香料之一。众所周知，由尖镰孢引起的藏红花镰刀菌腐烂会造成严重的产量损失。在本研究中，生物控制剂（的功效棘孢木霉，荧光假单胞菌，铜绿假单胞菌，恶臭假单胞菌，stratosphericus芽孢杆菌，短小芽孢杆菌，和枯草芽孢杆菌与化学杀真菌剂，多菌灵一起），进行评价用于管理藏红花的球茎腐烂。在体外条件下，使用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂上的双重培养和有毒食物技术，T.棘孢和多菌灵显著减少病原体的菌丝体生长尖孢镰孢，具有分别62.76 60.27和％抑制，与对照组相比。在田间条件下，在试验的第一年中，将藏红花球茎浸入多菌灵和曲霉菌中的最大发病率分别降低了82.77％和77.84％。然而，在第二年，在球茎腐烂（68.63％）的发病率减少最大记录与T.棘孢。此外，使用曲霉菌时，尖孢镰刀菌的种群密度也显着降低了60％和80.19％。番红花球茎播种75天和260天后，与其种植球茎之前的种群相比。与对照组相比，在发芽和开花等促进生长的特性的情况下，生物防治处理减少了播种后发芽和开花的天数（平均）。