Climate and physiology shape biogeography, yet the range limits of species can rarely be ascribed to the quantitative traits of organisms 1 – 3 . Here we evaluate whether the geographical range boundaries of species coincide with ecophysiological limits to acquisition of aerobic energy 4 for a global cross-section of the biodiversity of marine animals. We observe a tight correlation between the metabolic rate and the efficacy of oxygen supply, and between the temperature sensitivities of these traits, which suggests that marine animals are under strong selection for the tolerance of low O 2 (hypoxia) 5 . The breadth of the resulting physiological tolerances of marine animals predicts a variety of geographical niches—from the tropics to high latitudes and from shallow to deep water—which better align with species distributions than do models based on either temperature or oxygen alone. For all studied species, thermal and hypoxic limits are substantially reduced by the energetic demands of ecological activity, a trait that varies similarly among marine and terrestrial taxa. Active temperature-dependent hypoxia thus links the biogeography of diverse marine species to fundamental energetic requirements that are shared across the animal kingdom. A tight coupling between metabolic rate, efficacy of oxygen supply and the temperature sensitivities of marine animals predicts a variety of geographical niches that better aligns with the distributions of species than models of either temperature or oxygen alone.

中文翻译：

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代谢性状多样性塑造海洋生物地理学

气候和生理学塑造了生物地理学，但物种的范围限制很少可以归因于生物体的数量特征 1 - 3 。在这里，我们评估物种的地理范围边界是否与海洋动物生物多样性的全球横截面获得有氧能量的生态生理限制一致 4。我们观察到代谢率和供氧效率之间以及这些性状的温度敏感性之间存在紧密的相关性，这表明海洋动物正在强烈选择对低 O 2 （缺氧） 5 的耐受性。海洋动物由此产生的生理耐受性的广度预测了各种地理生态位——从热带到高纬度，从浅水到深水——与仅基于温度或氧气的模型相比，它们更符合物种分布。对于所有研究的物种，生态活动的能量需求大大降低了热和缺氧限制，这一特征在海洋和陆地分类群之间变化相似。因此，主动依赖温度的缺氧将不同海洋物种的生物地理学与整个动物王国共有的基本能量需求联系起来。代谢率之间的紧密耦合，