Background: Technology-based computational strategies that leverage social network site (SNS) data to detect substance use are promising screening tools but rely on the presence of sufficient data to detect risk if it is present. A better understanding of the association between substance use and SNS participation may inform the utility of these technology-based screening tools. Objective: This paper aims to examine associations between substance use and Instagram posts and to test whether such associations differ as a function of age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Methods: Participants with an Instagram account were recruited primarily via Clickworker (N=3117). With participant permission and Instagram’s approval, participants’ Instagram photo posts were downloaded with an application program interface. Participants’ past-year substance use was measured with an adapted version of the National Institute on Drug Abuse Quick Screen. At-risk drinking was defined as at least one past-year instance having “had more than a few alcoholic drinks a day,” drug use was defined as any use of nonprescription drugs, and prescription drug use was defined as any nonmedical use of prescription medications. We used logistic regression to examine the associations between substance use and any Instagram posts and negative binomial regression to examine the associations between substance use and number of Instagram posts. We examined whether age (18-25, 26-38, 39+ years), gender, and race/ethnicity moderated associations in both logistic and negative binomial models. All differences noted were significant at the .05 level. Results: Compared with no at-risk drinking, any at-risk drinking was associated with both a higher likelihood of any Instagram posts and a higher number of posts, except among Hispanic/Latino individuals, in whom at-risk drinking was associated with a similar number of posts. Compared with no drug use, any drug use was associated with a higher likelihood of any posts but was associated with a similar number of posts. Compared with no prescription drug use, any prescription drug use was associated with a similar likelihood of any posts and was associated with a lower number of posts only among those aged 39 years and older. Of note, main effects showed that being female compared with being male and being Hispanic/Latino compared with being White were significantly associated with both a greater likelihood of any posts and a greater number of posts. Conclusions: Researchers developing computational substance use risk detection models using Instagram or other SNS data may wish to consider our findings showing that at-risk drinking and drug use were positively associated with Instagram participation, while prescription drug use was negatively associated with Instagram participation for middle- and older-aged adults. As more is learned about SNS behaviors among those who use substances, researchers may be better positioned to successfully design and interpret innovative risk detection approaches.

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中文翻译：

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物质使用与 Instagram 参与之间的关联以告知基于社交网络的筛选模型：多模式横截面研究。

背景：利用社交网站 (SNS) 数据来检测物质使用的基于技术的计算策略是很有前途的筛查工具，但依赖于足够的数据来检测风险（如果存在）。更好地了解物质使用和 SNS 参与之间的关联可能会为这些基于技术的筛选工具的效用提供信息。目标：本文旨在检查物质使用与 Instagram 帖子之间的关联，并测试此类关联是否因年龄、性别和种族/民族而异。方法：主要通过 Clickworker (N=3117) 招募拥有 Instagram 帐户的参与者。在获得参与者许可和 Instagram 批准后，参与者的 Instagram 照片帖子将通过应用程序界面下载。参与者过去一年的物质使用情况是使用美国国家药物滥用研究所快速筛查的改编版本测量的。高危饮酒被定义为过去一年至少有一次“每天喝超过几杯酒”，吸毒被定义为任何非处方药的使用，处方药的使用被定义为任何非医疗使用处方药药物。我们使用逻辑回归来检查物质使用与任何 Instagram 帖子之间的关联，并使用负二项式回归来检查物质使用与 Instagram 帖子数量之间的关联。我们检查了年龄（18-25、26-38、39 岁以上）、性别和种族/民族是否在逻辑和负二项式模型中调节了关联。注意到的所有差异均在 0.05 水平上显着。结果：与无风险饮酒相比，任何有风险的饮酒都与任何 Instagram 帖子的更高可能性和更多帖子相关，但西班牙裔/拉丁裔人士除外，在这些人中，有风险饮酒与类似数量的帖子相关。与没有吸毒相比，任何吸毒都与任何帖子的可能性更高有关，但与帖子的数量相似。与不使用处方药相比，任何处方药使用与任何帖子的相似可能性相关，并且仅在 39 岁及以上的人群中与较低的帖子数量相关。值得注意的是，主效应表明，女性与男性相比，西班牙裔/拉丁裔与白人相比，与任何帖子的可能性更大和帖子数量显着相关。结论：使用 Instagram 或其他 SNS 数据开发计算性物质使用风险检测模型的研究人员可能希望考虑我们的研究结果，该研究结果表明，高危饮酒和吸毒与 Instagram 参与呈正相关，而处方药使用与 Instagram 参与呈负相关。老年人。随着对使用物质的人的 SNS 行为的了解越来越多，研究人员可能会更好地成功设计和解释创新的风险检测方法。而处方药的使用与中老年人的 Instagram 参与度呈负相关。随着对使用物质的人的 SNS 行为的了解越来越多，研究人员可能会更好地成功设计和解释创新的风险检测方法。而处方药的使用与中老年人的 Instagram 参与度呈负相关。随着对使用物质的人的 SNS 行为的了解越来越多，研究人员可能会更好地成功设计和解释创新的风险检测方法。

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