Background: Technology-based computational strategies that leverage social network site (SNS) data to detect substance use are promising screening tools but rely on the presence of sufficient data to detect risk if it is present. A better understanding of the association between substance use and SNS participation may inform the utility of these technology-based screening tools. Objective: This paper aims to examine associations between substance use and Instagram posts and to test whether such associations differ as a function of age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Methods: Participants with an Instagram account were recruited primarily via Clickworker (N=3117). With participant permission and Instagram’s approval, participants’ Instagram photo posts were downloaded with an application program interface. Participants’ past-year substance use was measured with an adapted version of the National Institute on Drug Abuse Quick Screen. At-risk drinking was defined as at least one past-year instance having “had more than a few alcoholic drinks a day,” drug use was defined as any use of nonprescription drugs, and prescription drug use was defined as any nonmedical use of prescription medications. We used logistic regression to examine the associations between substance use and any Instagram posts and negative binomial regression to examine the associations between substance use and number of Instagram posts. We examined whether age (18-25, 26-38, 39+ years), gender, and race/ethnicity moderated associations in both logistic and negative binomial models. All differences noted were significant at the .05 level. Results: Compared with no at-risk drinking, any at-risk drinking was associated with both a higher likelihood of any Instagram posts and a higher number of posts, except among Hispanic/Latino individuals, in whom at-risk drinking was associated with a similar number of posts. Compared with no drug use, any drug use was associated with a higher likelihood of any posts but was associated with a similar number of posts. Compared with no prescription drug use, any prescription drug use was associated with a similar likelihood of any posts and was associated with a lower number of posts only among those aged 39 years and older. Of note, main effects showed that being female compared with being male and being Hispanic/Latino compared with being White were significantly associated with both a greater likelihood of any posts and a greater number of posts. Conclusions: Researchers developing computational substance use risk detection models using Instagram or other SNS data may wish to consider our findings showing that at-risk drinking and drug use were positively associated with Instagram participation, while prescription drug use was negatively associated with Instagram participation for middle- and older-aged adults. As more is learned about SNS behaviors among those who use substances, researchers may be better positioned to successfully design and interpret innovative risk detection approaches.

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中文翻译：

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药物使用和 Instagram 参与之间的关联为基于社交网络的筛查模型提供信息：多模式横断面研究。


背景：利用社交网站 (SNS) 数据来检测药物使用的基于技术的计算策略是有前途的筛查工具，但依赖于足够的数据来检测风险（如果存在）。更好地了解物质使用和 SNS 参与之间的关联可能有助于了解这些基于技术的筛查工具的实用性。目的：本文旨在研究物质使用和 Instagram 帖子之间的关联，并测试这种关联是否因年龄、性别和种族/民族而有所不同。方法：主要通过 Clickworker 招募拥有 Instagram 帐户的参与者 (N=3117)。在获得参与者许可和 Instagram 批准后，参与者的 Instagram 照片帖子可以通过应用程序界面下载。参与者过去一年的药物使用情况是通过国家药物滥用研究所快速筛查的改编版进行测量的。有风险饮酒被定义为过去一年中至少有一次“每天喝几杯以上的酒精饮料”，吸毒被定义为任何非处方药的使用，处方药的使用被定义为处方药的任何非医疗使用药物。我们使用逻辑回归来检查物质使用与任何 Instagram 帖子之间的关联，并使用负二项式回归来检查物质使用与 Instagram 帖子数量之间的关联。我们研究了年龄（18-25、26-38、39+ 岁）、性别和种族/民族是否在 Logistic 模型和负二项式模型中调节关联。所有注意到的差异在 0.05 水平上都很显着。 结果：与没有高风险饮酒相比，任何高风险饮酒都与更高的 Instagram 帖子可能性和更高的帖子数量相关，但西班牙裔/拉丁裔人群除外，在这些人中，高风险饮酒与高风险饮酒相关。类似数量的帖子。与不使用药物相比，任何药物使用都与更高的帖子可能性相关，但与类似数量的帖子相关。与不使用处方药相比，使用任何处方药与任何帖子的可能性相似，并且仅在 39 岁及以上的人群中与较少的帖子数量相关。值得注意的是，主效应表明，女性与男性相比、西班牙裔/拉丁裔与白人相比，与发布帖子的可能性更大和帖子数量更多显着相关。结论：使用 Instagram 或其他 SNS 数据开发计算物质使用风险检测模型的研究人员可能希望考虑我们的研究结果，即高风险饮酒和吸毒与 Instagram 参与呈正相关，而处方药使用与中年人的 Instagram 参与呈负相关。 - 和老年人。随着人们对物质使用者的社交网络行为有了更多的了解，研究人员可能能够更好地成功设计和解释创新的风险检测方法。


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