Newborns are at significantly increased risk of severe disease following infection with influenza virus. This is the collective result of their naïve status, altered immune responsiveness, and the lack of a vaccine that is effective in these individuals. Numerous studies have revealed impairments in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system of newborns. The consequence of these alterations is a quantitative and qualitative decrease in both antibody and T cell responses. This review summarizes the hurdles newborns experience in mounting an effective response that can clear influenza virus and limit disease following infection. In addition, the challenges, as well as the opportunities, for developing vaccines that can elicit protective responses in these at risk individuals are discussed.

新生儿感染流感病毒后患严重疾病的风险显着增加。这是他们幼稚的状态，改变的免疫反应性以及缺乏对这些人有效的疫苗的共同结果。大量研究表明，新生儿免疫系统的先天性和适应性方面均受损。这些改变的结果是抗体和T细胞应答的数量和质量上的下降。这篇综述总结了新生儿在制定有效的应对措施方面的经验，这些措施可以清除流感病毒并限制感染后的疾病。此外，还讨论了开发能够在这些高危人群中引起保护性反应的疫苗的挑战和机遇。