There is growing appreciation that the plasma membrane orchestrates a diverse array of functions by segregating different activities into specialized domains that vary in size, stability, and composition. Studies with the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified a novel type of plasma membrane domain known as the MCC (membrane compartment of Can1)/eisosomes that correspond to stable furrows in the plasma membrane. MCC/eisosomes maintain proteins at the cell surface, such as nutrient transporters like the Can1 arginine symporter, by protecting them from endocytosis and degradation. Recent studies from several fungal species are now revealing new functional roles for MCC/eisosomes that enable cells to respond to a wide range of stressors, including changes in membrane tension, nutrition, cell wall integrity, oxidation, and copper toxicity. The different MCC/eisosome functions are often intertwined through the roles of these domains in lipid homeostasis, which is important for proper plasma membrane architecture and cell signaling. Therefore, this review will emphasize the emerging models that explain how MCC/eisosomes act as hubs to coordinate cellular responses to stress. The importance of MCC/eisosomes is underscored by their roles in virulence for fungal pathogens of plants, animals, and humans, which also highlights the potential of these domains to act as novel therapeutic targets.

中文翻译：

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质膜 MCC/Eisosome 结构域促进真菌的抗逆性。

人们越来越认识到质膜通过将不同的活动分成大小、稳定性和组成各不相同的专门领域，从而协调了多种功能。芽殖酵母酿酒酵母的研究已经确定了一种新型的质膜结构域，称为 MCC（Can1 的膜隔室）/eisosomes，对应于质膜中的稳定沟。MCC/eisosomes 维持细胞表面的蛋白质，例如 Can1 精氨酸同向转运蛋白等营养转运蛋白，通过保护它们免受内吞作用和降解。最近对几种真菌物种的研究揭示了 MCC/eisosomes 的新功能作用，使细胞能够应对各种压力因素，包括膜张力、营养、细胞壁完整性、氧化和铜毒性的变化。不同的 MCC/eisosome 功能通常通过这些域在脂质稳态中的作用交织在一起，这对于适当的质膜结构和细胞信号传导很重要。所以，本综述将强调新兴模型，这些模型解释了 MCC/eisosomes 如何充当协调细胞对压力反应的枢纽。MCC/eisosomes 的重要性通过它们在植物、动物和人类真菌病原体的毒力中的作用得到强调，这也突出了这些域作为新治疗靶点的潜力。