Over the past 90 years, anthropogenic degradation of soil caused by alkaline, magnesium‐rich dust deposition has presented a serious problem near magnesite processing factories in Jelšava and in Lubeník (Slovakia). The objective of this study was to investigate the chemical and biological soil properties in 14 sampling sites at different distances from factories, and based on the results, to propose further use of affected land. Results revealed that the available Mg was 3‐ to 68‐fold that of medium‐textured soils at all grassland sampling sites, and areas close to the factories contained up to 14,366–17,394 mg kg⁻¹. Higher amounts of available Mg caused significant increase of soil pH (up to 9.39) and worsened the conditions for the growth of vegetation. As a result, a lower stock of labile soil organic carbon (501–961 mg kg⁻¹) with consequently weaker enzymatic activity occurred. Enrichment by organic matter provides a means to support the biological activity of soil. The content of monitored heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni) was not related to Mg and did not influence the enzymatic activity of soil. Because alkaline emissions have decreased by 99.8% since 1970, the application of established measures (mechanical removal of the Mg‐rich crust, incorporation of gypsum and manure into the soil), or newer methods (growing of Mg hyper‐accumulating plants) can offer more lasting positive effects than could be achieved 50 years ago. This study concluded alkaline dust was the main factor affecting soil degradation. Nevertheless, the natural origin of Mg from Mg‐parent rocks should be allowed for.

中文翻译：

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碱性物质对土壤的二次富集：菱镁矿加工厂附近人为-遗传土壤退化的特殊形式和土地管理的可能性

在过去的90年中，由碱性，富含镁的粉尘沉积引起的人为降解在杰尔沙瓦和卢贝尼克（斯洛伐克）的菱镁矿加工厂附近造成了严重问题。这项研究的目的是调查距工厂不同距离的14个采样点的化学和生物土壤特性，并根据结果提出进一步使用受影响土地的建议。结果表明，所有草地采样点的有效镁是中等质地土壤的3到68倍，靠近工厂的区域的镁含量高达14,366–17,394 mg kg ^-1。有效镁含量较高会导致土壤pH值显着增加（最高9.39），并使植被生长条件恶化。结果，不稳定的土壤有机碳储量较低（501–961 mg kg ^-1），因此发生了较弱的酶活性。有机物的富集提供了支持土壤生物活性的手段。监测的重金属（Zn，Cu，Pb和Ni）的含量与Mg无关，并且不影响土壤的酶活性。由于自1970年以来碱金属排放量减少了99.8％，因此可以采用既定措施（机械去除富镁结皮，将石膏和肥料掺入土壤中）或采用更新方法（种植富镁植物）比50年前更持久的积极影响。该研究得出结论，碱性粉尘是影响土壤退化的主要因素。但是，应该允许镁从母岩中自然产生。