Estimates of high‐resolution greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have become a critical component of climate change research and an aid to decision makers considering GHG mitigation opportunities. The “Vulcan Project” is an effort to estimate bottom‐up carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (FFCO₂) for the U.S. landscape at space and time scales that satisfy both scientific and policy needs. Here, we report on the Vulcan version 3.0 which quantifies emissions at a resolution of 1 km²/hr for the 2010–2015 time period. We estimate 2011 FFCO₂ emissions of 1,589.9 TgC with a 95% confidence interval of 1,367/1,853 TgC (−14.0%/+16.6%), implying a one‐sigma uncertainty of ~ ±8%. Per capita emissions are larger in states dominated by electricity production and industrial activity and smaller where onroad and building emissions dominate. The U.S. FFCO₂ emissions center of mass (CoM) is located in the state of Missouri with mean seasonality that moves on a near‐elliptical NE/SW path. Comparison to ODIAC, a global gridded FFCO₂ emissions estimate, shows large total emissions differences (100.4 TgC for year 2011), a spatial correlation of 0.68 (R²), and a mean absolute relative difference at the 1 km² scale of 104.3%. The Vulcan data product offers a high‐resolution estimate of FFCO₂ emissions in every U.S. city, obviating costly development of self‐reported urban inventories. The Vulcan v3.0 annual gridded emissions data product can be downloaded from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (Gurney, Liang, et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1741).

中文翻译：

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Vulcan 版本 3.0 美国高分辨率化石燃料二氧化碳排放


高分辨率温室气体 (GHG) 排放估算已成为气候变化研究的重要组成部分，并为决策者考虑温室气体减排机会提供帮助。 “Vulcan 项目”旨在在空间和时间尺度上估算美国化石燃料燃烧和水泥生产 (FFCO ₂ ) 产生的自下而上的二氧化碳排放量，以满足科学和政策需求。在此，我们报告了 Vulcan 3.0 版本，该版本以 1 km ² /hr 的分辨率量化 2010-2015 年期间的排放量。我们估计 2011 年 FFCO ₂排放量为 1,589.9 TgC，95% 置信区间为 1,367/1,853 TgC (−14.0%/+16.6%)，这意味着一西格玛不确定性约为 ±8%。以电力生产和工业活动为主的州的人均排放量较大，而以道路和建筑排放为主的州的人均排放量较小。美国 FFCO ₂排放质量中心 (CoM) 位于密苏里州，平均季节性沿近椭圆形的 NE/SW 路径移动。与 ODIAC（全球网格 FFCO ₂排放估算）相比，显示总排放差异较大（2011 年为 100.4 TgC），空间相关性为 0.68 (R ² )，1 km ²规模的平均绝对相对差异为 104.3% 。 Vulcan 数据产品提供了美国每个城市 FFCO ₂排放量的高分辨率估计，从而避免了昂贵的自我报告城市清单开发。 Vulcan v3.0 年度网格化排放数据产品可以从橡树岭国家实验室分布式主动档案中心下载（Gurney、Liang 等人，2019 年，https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1741）。