Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) is a common and widely distributed virus of salmonids. Since its discovery in 2010, the virus has been detected in wild and farmed stocks from North America, South America, Europe and East Asia in both fresh and salt water environments. Phylogenetic analysis suggests three distinct genogroups of PRV with generally discrete host tropisms and/or regional patterns. PRV‐1 is found mainly in Atlantic (Salmo salar), Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Salmon of Europe and the Americas; PRV‐2 has only been detected in Coho Salmon of Japan; and PRV‐3 has been reported primarily in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Europe. All three genotypes can establish high‐load systemic infections by targeting red blood cells for principal replication. Each genotype has also demonstrated potential to cause circulatory disease. At the same time, high‐load PRV infections occur in non‐diseased salmon and trout, indicating a complexity for defining PRV's role in disease aetiology. Here, we summarize the current body of knowledge regarding PRV following 10 years of study.

中文翻译：

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鱼类正咽病毒：养殖鱼类和野生鱼类的生物学和分布。

猪正咽病毒（PRV）是鲑鱼的常见且分布广泛的病毒。自2010年被发现以来，该病毒已在淡水和盐水环境中的北美，南美，欧洲和东亚的野生和养殖种群中被发现。系统发育分析表明PRV的三个不同的基因组，通常具有离散的宿主向性和/或区域模式。PRV-1主要分布在大西洋（大西洋鲑），奇努克（钩吻tshawytscha）和银鲑（钩吻kisutch）欧洲和美洲的鲑鱼; PRV-2仅在日本的Coho Salmon中被检测到。PRV-3主要在虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss） 在欧洲。通过靶向红细胞进行主要复制，这三种基因型均可建立高负荷全身感染。每个基因型还显示出引起循环系统疾病的潜力。同时，高负荷的PRV感染发生在未患病的鲑鱼和鳟鱼中，这表明定义PRV在疾病病因中的作用非常复杂。在这里，我们总结了经过10年研究的有关PRV的当前知识体系。