T cell responses and therapies against SARS-CoV-2 infection.,Immunology

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T cell responses and therapies against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Immunology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 , DOI: 10.1111/imm.13262
Salman M Toor ₁ , Reem Saleh ₁ , Varun Sasidharan Nair ₁ , Rowaida Z Taha ₁ , Eyad Elkord _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, a novel coronavirus strain. Some studies suggest that COVID‐19 could be an immune‐related disease, and failure of effective immune responses in initial stages of viral infection could contribute to systemic inflammation and tissue damage, leading to worse disease outcomes. T cells can act as a double‐edge sword with both pro‐ and anti‐roles in the progression of COVID‐19. Thus, better understanding of their roles in immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is crucial. T cells primarily react to the spike protein on the coronavirus to initiate antiviral immunity; however, T‐cell responses can be suboptimal, impaired or excessive in severe COVID‐19 patients. This review focuses on the multifaceted roles of T cells in COVID‐19 pathogenesis and rationalizes their significance in eliciting appropriate antiviral immune responses in COVID‐19 patients and unexposed individuals. In addition, we summarize the potential therapeutic approaches related to T cells to treat COVID‐19 patients. These include adoptive T‐cell therapies, vaccines activating T‐cell responses, recombinant cytokines, Th1 activators and Th17 blockers, and potential utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with anti‐inflammatory drugs to improve antiviral T‐cell responses against SARS‐CoV‐2.

中文翻译：

针对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的 T 细胞反应和疗法。

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 是由一种新型冠状病毒株 SARS-CoV-2 引起的。一些研究表明，COVID-19 可能是一种免疫相关疾病，病毒感染初始阶段有效免疫反应的失败可能会导致全身炎症和组织损伤，导致更糟糕的疾病结果。T 细胞可以充当一把双刃剑，在 COVID-19 的进展中既具有促进作用，也具有抗作用。因此，更好地了解它们在 SARS-CoV-2 感染免疫反应中的作用至关重要。T细胞主要与冠状病毒上的刺突蛋白发生反应，以启动抗病毒免疫；然而，重症 COVID-19 患者的 T 细胞反应可能不理想、受损或过度。本综述重点关注 T 细胞在 COVID-19 发病机制中的多方面作用，并合理解释了它们在 COVID-19 患者和未暴露个体中引发适当抗病毒免疫反应的重要性。此外，我们总结了与 T 细胞相关的治疗 COVID-19 患者的潜在治疗方法。这些包括过继性 T 细胞疗法、激活 T 细胞反应的疫苗、重组细胞因子、Th1 激活剂和 Th17 阻滞剂，以及单独使用免疫检查点抑制剂或与抗炎药物联合使用以改善针对 SARS 的抗病毒 T 细胞反应。冠状病毒-2。

更新日期：2020-09-15

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