Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy offers an efficacious and novel way to treat many types of cancer. ICIs upregulate the immune system (specifically T-lymphocytes) allowing for better recognition and termination of neoplastic cells. 1 Adverse effects of ICIs are colitis, diarrhea, dermatopathies, endocrinopathies, and other autoimmune pathology. Although less common, neurologic toxicities have also been reported with most of the available ICIs. Here we present the case of a patient receiving ICI therapy who developed an autoimmune anti–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAr) encephalitis with neuropsychiatric manifestations including catatonia. Given the increasingly widespread use of ICIs, psychiatrists practicing in the general hospital setting should be aware of their potential neuropsychiatric adverse effects.

中文翻译：

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免疫检查点抑制剂相关的自身免疫性脑炎

摘要 免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 疗法为治疗多种类型的癌症提供了一种有效且新颖的方法。ICI 上调免疫系统（特别是 T 淋巴细胞），从而更好地识别和终止肿瘤细胞。1 ICI 的副作用是结肠炎、腹泻、皮肤病、内分泌病和其他自身免疫病。尽管不太常见，但大多数可用的 ICI 也报告了神经系统毒性。在这里，我们介绍了一个接受 ICI 治疗的患者的案例，该患者出现了自身免疫性抗 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（抗 NMDAr）脑炎，并伴有神经精神症状，包括紧张症。鉴于 ICI 的使用越来越广泛，在综合医院环境中执业的精神科医生应该意识到它们潜在的神经精神不良反应。